Dexmedetomidine (DMED), a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonistic agent, is one of the preferred sedatives due to its outstanding characteristics including sympatholytic, sedative, hypnotic, and analgesic efficacy [1]. And it can achieve an appropriate level of sedation without respiratory depression. Especially, the efficacy of dexmedetomidine when combined with regional anesthesia includes increasing the quality of regional anesthesia, prolongation of the duration of analgesia, and having an opioid-sparing effect postoperatively [2].

We have carefully read with great concern the article entitled “Role of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant in postoperative sciatic popliteal and adductor canal analgesia in trauma patients: a randomized controlled trial.” published in The Korean Journal of Pain by Ahuja et al. [2]. Their results showed that perineurally or intravenously administered dexmedetomidine reduced postoperative tramadol consumption in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery when combined with sciatic popliteal and adductor canal analgesia. And they reported that hemodynamic parameters were within the normal physiologic range during the 48 hours of follow-up, even though they didn’t show the raw results. However, in clinical practice, the patients who received intravenous dexmedetomidine often experience hypotension or bradycardia, even postoperatively. As investigated in a few studies, the hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine such as hypotension and bradycardia are well known in the perioperative period, as well as in intensive care unit (ICU) settings [3–6].

We are working on ways to identify the incidence and risk factors for dexmedetomidine-induced hemodynamic instability in perioperative settings. We conceived that body composition, such as fat percentage to total body weight, is one of the contributing factors, which can affect the volume of distribution of the drug, because dexmedetomidine is a highly lipophilic drug [7]. Indeed, in the clinical practice, we are often faced with the overdosing of anesthetic drugs with high lipophilicity by dosing based on total body weight, especially in female patients having a high body mass index.

The dosing scheme of dexmedetomidine may be modified in the susceptible populations. Advancing the quality of care and patient safety could be achieved by individualized anesthetic and risk management. Moreover, safety concerns regarding perineural administration of dexmedetomidine, such as neurotoxicity, should be further investigated in future studies.