Abstract
Background and Objectives
Subjects and Method
Results
Notes
Author Contribution
Conceptualization: Geun-Hyo Kim. Data curation: Yeon-Woo Lee. Formal analysis: Geun-Hyo Kim, Yeon-Woo Lee. Methodology: Wonjae Cha, Byung-Joo Lee. Project administration: Soon-Bok Kwon. Resources: Soon-Bok Kwon. Supervision: Soon-Bok Kwon. Validation: Byung-Joo Lee. Visualization: Geun-Hyo Kim. Writing— original draft: Geun-Hyo Kim. Writing—review & editing: Wonjae Cha, Byung-Joo Lee.
REFERENCES
Table 1.
Table 2.
Groups | Normal (n=129) | VCP (n=173) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 57.5±10.8 | 59.3±14.0 | 0.065 |
Jitter | 1.1±0.4 | 4.4±1.7 | 0.01** |
Shimmer | 4.1±1.6 | 9.0±5.8 | 0.01** |
NHR | 0.1±0.0 | 0.2±0.1 | 0.01** |
CPP_SV | 27.8±4.1 | 17.8±4.6 | 0.01** |
CPPS_SV | 17.1±2.7 | 9.1±3.7 | 0.01** |
L/H ratio_SV | 6.2±1.3 | 5.9±1.5 | 0.05* |
CPP_CS | 23.1±2.9 | 14.6±2.6 | 0.01** |
CPPS_CS | 13.5±2.3 | 6.4±2.2 | 0.01** |
L/H ratio_CS | 6.0±1.1 | 5.1±1.3 | 0.01** |
CPP_EXT | 23.7±3.6 | 16.9±4.2 | 0.01** |
CPPS_EXT | 14.0±2.5 | 8.7±3.4 | 0.01** |
L/H ratio_EXT | 6.3±1.2 | 6.1±1.1 | 0.736 |
Grade_SV | 0.0±0.0 | 1.9±0.7 | 0.01** |
OS_SV | 11.2±5.8 | 55.7±23.6 | 0.01** |
Grade_CS | 0.0±0.0 | 1.9±0.8 | 0.01** |
OS_CS | 12.9±6.8 | 58.3±21.6 | 0.01** |
Table 3.
(I) Task | (J) Task | Mean difference (I-J) | Std. error | Sig. |
95% Confidence interval |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||||
CPP | SV | CS | 3.533802* | 0.308443 | 0.000 | 2.79468 | 4.27292 |
EXT | 1.667649* | 0.308443 | 0.000 | 0.92853 | 2.40677 | ||
CS | SV | -3.533802* | 0.308443 | 0.000 | -4.27292 | -2.79468 | |
EXT | -1.866153* | 0.307778 | 0.000 | -2.60368 | -1.12863 | ||
EXT | SV | -1.667649* | 0.308443 | 0.000 | -2.40677 | -0.92853 | |
CS | 1.866153* | 0.307778 | 0.000 | 1.12863 | 2.60368 | ||
CPPS | SV | CS | 2.945379* | 0.246536 | 0.000 | 2.35461 | 3.53615 |
EXT | 0.987023* | 0.246536 | 0.000 | 0.39625 | 1.57780 | ||
CS | SV | -2.945379* | 0.246536 | 0.000 | -3.53615 | -2.35461 | |
EXT | -1.958356* | 0.246005 | 0.000 | -2.54786 | -1.36886 | ||
EXT | SV | -0.987023* | 0.246536 | 0.000 | -1.57780 | -0.39625 | |
CS | 1.958356* | 0.246005 | 0.000 | 1.36886 | 2.54786 | ||
L/H ratio | SV | CS | 0.645215* | 0.078568 | 0.000 | 0.45694 | 0.83349 |
EXT | -0.348041* | 0.078568 | 0.000 | -0.53631 | -0.15977 | ||
CS | SV | -0.645215* | 0.078568 | 0.000 | -0.83349 | -0.45694 | |
EXT | -0.993256* | 0.078399 | 0.000 | -1.18112 | -0.80539 | ||
EXT | SV | 0.348041* | 0.078568 | 0.000 | 0.15977 | 0.53631 | |
CS | 0.993256* | 0.078399 | 0.000 | 0.80539 | 1.18112 |
Table 4.
Grade_SV | OS_SV | Grade_CS | OS_CS | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CPP_SV | -0.90* | -0.88* | ||
CPPS_SV | -0.92* | -0.90* | ||
L/H ratio_SV | -0.40* | -0.41* | ||
CPP_CS | -0.93* | -0.91* | ||
CPPS_CS | -0.93* | -0.92* | ||
L/H ratio_CS | -0.53* | -0.54* |
Table 5.
AUC: area under the curve, CI: confidence interval, LR+: likelihood ratio for a positive result, LR-: likelihood ratio for a negative result, CPP: cepstral peak prominence, CPPS: smoothed cepstral peak prominence, L/H ratio: low-to high spectral ratio, SV: sustained vowel, CS: continuous speech, EXT: extracted continuous speech