1. Siersema PD. Treatment options for esophageal strictures. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 5:142–152. PMID:
18250638.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
2. Hirdes MM, Vleggaar FP, Siersema PD. Stent placement for esophageal strictures: an update. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2011; 8:733–755. PMID:
22029470.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
3. Repici A, Hassan C, Sharma P, Conio M, Siersema P. Systematic review: the role of self-expanding plastic stents for benign oesophageal strictures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010; 31:1268–1275. PMID:
20236257.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
4. Kochman ML, McClave SA, Boyce HW. The refractory and the recurrent esophageal stricture: a definition. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005; 62:474–475. PMID:
16111985.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
5. Patterson DJ, Graham DY, Smith JL, et al. Natural history of benign esophageal stricture treated by dilatation. Gastroenterology. 1983; 85:346–350. PMID:
6862159.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
6. Spechler SJ. American gastroenterological association medical position statement on treatment of patients with dysphagia caused by benign disorders of the distal esophagus. Gastroenterology. 1999; 117:229–233. PMID:
10381932.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
7. Eloubeidi MA, Talreja JP, Lopes TL, Al-Awabdy BS, Shami VM, Kahaleh M. Success and complications associated with placement of fully covered removable self-expandable metal stents for benign esophageal diseases (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73:673–681. PMID:
21272871.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
8. Holm AN, de la Mora Levy JG, Gostout CJ, Topazian MD, Baron TH. Self-expanding plastic stents in treatment of benign esophageal conditions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67:20–25. PMID:
17945227.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
9. Siersema PD, de Wijkerslooth LR. Dilation of refractory benign esophageal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 70:1000–1012. PMID:
19879408.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
10. Dua KS, Vleggaar FP, Santharam R, Siersema PD. Removable self-expanding plastic esophageal stent as a continuous, non-permanent dilator in treating refractory benign esophageal strictures: a prospective two-center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008; 103:2988–2994. PMID:
18786110.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
11. Kim JH, Song HY, Choi EK, Kim KR, Shin JH, Lim JO. Temporary metallic stent placement in the treatment of refractory benign esophageal strictures: results and factors associated with outcome in 55 patients. Eur Radiol. 2009; 19:384–390. PMID:
18726598.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
12. van Boeckel PG, Vleggaar FP, Siersema PD. A comparison of temporary self-expanding plastic and biodegradable stents for refractory benign esophageal strictures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 9:653–659. PMID:
21586341.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
13. Mercer CD, Hill LD. Surgical management of peptic esophageal stricture. Twenty-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986; 91:371–378. PMID:
3951242.
14. Little AG, Naunheim KS, Ferguson MK, Skinner DB. Surgical management of esophageal strictures. Ann Thorac Surg. 1988; 45:144–147. PMID:
3341821.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
15. van Boeckel PG, Dua KS, Weusten BL, et al. Fully covered self-expandable metal stents (SEMS), partially covered SEMS and self-expandable plastic stents for the treatment of benign esophageal ruptures and anastomotic leaks. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012; 12:19. PMID:
22375711.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
16. Verschuur EM, Repici A, Kuipers EJ, Steyerberg EW, Siersema PD. New design esophageal stents for the palliation of dysphagia from esophageal or gastric cardia cancer: a randomized trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008; 103:304–312. PMID:
17900325.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
17. Martin RC, Woodall C, Duvall R, Scoggins CR. The use of self-expanding silicone stents in esophagectomy strictures: less cost and more efficiency. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008; 86:436–440. PMID:
18640310.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
18. Pungpapong S, Raimondo M, Wallace MB, Woodward TA. Problematic esophageal stricture: an emerging indication for self-expandable silicone stents. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004; 60:842–845. PMID:
15557974.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
19. Conio M, Repici A, Battaglia G, et al. A randomized prospective comparison of self-expandable plastic stents and partially covered self-expandable metal stents in the palliation of malignant esophageal dysphagia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102:2667–2677. PMID:
18042102.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
20. Repici A, Conio M, De Angelis C, et al. Temporary placement of an expandable polyester silicone-covered stent for treatment of refractory benign esophageal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004; 60:513–519. PMID:
15472671.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
21. Repici A, Vleggaar FP, Hassan C, et al. Efficacy and safety of biodegradable stents for refractory benign esophageal strictures: the BEST (Biodegradable Esophageal Stent) study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010; 72:927–934. PMID:
21034894.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
22. Thomas T, Abrams KR, Subramanian V, Mannath J, Ragunath K. Esophageal stents for benign refractory strictures: a meta-analysis. Endoscopy. 2011; 43:386–393. PMID:
21437850.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
23. Broto J, Asensio M, Vernet JM. Results of a new technique in the treatment of severe esophageal stenosis in children: poliflex stents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003; 37:203–206. PMID:
12883312.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
24. Evrard S, Le Moine O, Lazaraki G, Dormann A, El Nakadi I, Devière J. Self-expanding plastic stents for benign esophageal lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004; 60:894–900. PMID:
15605003.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
25. Triester SL, Fleischer DE, Sharma VK. Failure of self-expanding plastic stents in treatment of refractory benign esophageal strictures. Endoscopy. 2006; 38:533–537. PMID:
16767594.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
26. Barthel JS, Kelley ST, Klapman JB. Management of persistent gastroesophageal anastomotic strictures with removable self-expandable polyester silicon-covered (Polyflex) stents: an alternative to serial dilation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67:546–552. PMID:
18294520.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
27. García-Cano J. Dilation of benign strictures in the esophagus and colon with the polyflex stent: a case series study. Dig Dis Sci. 2008; 53:341–346. PMID:
17565471.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
28. Karbowski M, Schembre D, Kozarek R, Ayub K, Low D. Polyflex self-expanding, removable plastic stents: assessment of treatment efficacy and safety in a variety of benign and malignant conditions of the esophagus. Surg Endosc. 2008; 22:1326–1333. PMID:
18027044.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
29. Oh YS, Kochman ML, Ahmad NA, Ginsberg GG. Clinical outcomes after self-expanding plastic stent placement for refractory benign esophageal strictures. Dig Dis Sci. 2010; 55:1344–1348. PMID:
20155322.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
30. Canena JM, Liberato MJ, Rio-Tinto RA, et al. A comparison of the temporary placement of 3 different self-expanding stents for the treatment of refractory benign esophageal strictures: a prospective multicentre study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012; 12:70. PMID:
22691296.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
31. Stivaros SM, Williams LR, Senger C, Wilbraham L, Laasch HU. Woven polydioxanone biodegradable stents: a new treatment option for benign and malignant oesophageal strictures. Eur Radiol. 2010; 20:1069–1072. PMID:
19921200.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
32. Tanaka T, Takahashi M, Nitta N, et al. Newly developed biodegradable stents for benign gastrointestinal tract stenoses: a preliminary clinical trial. Digestion. 2006; 74:199–205. PMID:
17341853.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
33. Saito Y, Tanaka T, Andoh A, et al. Usefulness of biodegradable stents constructed of poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments in patients with benign esophageal stenosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13:3977–3980. PMID:
17663513.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
34. Saito Y, Tanaka T, Andoh A, et al. Novel biodegradable stents for benign esophageal strictures following endoscopic submucosal dissection. Dig Dis Sci. 2008; 53:330–333. PMID:
17713855.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
35. van Hooft JE, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Rauws EA, Bergman JJ, Busch OR, Fockens P. Endoscopic treatment of benign anastomotic esophagogastric strictures with a biodegradable stent. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73:1043–1047. PMID:
21392754.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
36. Hair CS, Devonshire DA. Severe hyperplastic tissue stenosis of a novel biodegradable esophageal stent and subsequent successful management with high-pressure balloon dilation. Endoscopy. 2010; 42(Suppl 2):E132–E133. PMID:
20405380.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
37. Vandenplas Y, Hauser B, Devreker T, Urbain D, Reynaert H. A biodegradable esophageal stent in the treatment of a corrosive esophageal stenosis in a child. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009; 49:254–257. PMID:
19561544.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
38. Orive-Calzada A, Alvarez-Rubio M, Romero-Izquierdo S, et al. Severe epithelial hyperplasia as a complication of a novel biodegradable stent. Endoscopy. 2009; 41(Suppl 2):E137–E138. PMID:
19544266.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
39. Hirdes MM, Siersema PD, van Boeckel PG, Vleggaar FP. Single and sequential biodegradable stent placement for refractory benign esophageal strictures: a prospective follow-up study. Endoscopy. 2012; 44:649–654. PMID:
22723182.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
40. Karakan T, Utku OG, Dorukoz O, et al. Biodegradable stents for caustic esophageal strictures: a new therapeutic approach. Dis Esophagus. 2013; 26:319–322. PMID:
22974043.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
41. Černá M, Köcher M, Válek V, et al. Covered biodegradable stent: new therapeutic option for the management of esophageal perforation or anastomotic leak. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011; 34:1267–1271. PMID:
21213108.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
42. Zhu YQ, Cui WG, Cheng YS, Chang J, Chen NW, Yan L. Evaluation of biodegradable paclitaxel-eluting nanofibre-covered metal stents for the treatment of benign cardia stricture in an experimental model. Br J Surg. 2013; 100:784–793. PMID:
23553755.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
43. Zhu YQ, Cui WG, Cheng YS, et al. Biodegradable rapamycin-eluting nano-fiber membrane-covered metal stent placement to reduce fibroblast proliferation in experimental stricture in a canine model. Endoscopy. 2013; 45:458–468. PMID:
23580413.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)