Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins

Renan Aparecido Fernandes; Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon; Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki; André Luiz Fraga Briso; Paulo Henrique dos Santos

doi:10.5395/rde.2018.45.e12

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Fernandes, Strazzi-Sahyon, Suzuki, Briso, and Santos: Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins

Research Article

Restor Dent Endod 2020;45(1):e12.

Published online: 4 February 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.45.e12

Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins

Renan Aparecido Fernandes¹, Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon¹, Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki², André Luiz Fraga Briso³, Paulo Henrique dos Santos^1,^*

¹Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil

²Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

³Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil

^*Correspondence to Paulo Henrique dos Santos, DDS, MS, PhD Associate professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, 1193 Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil. E-mail: paulo.santos@unesp.br

Received 6 July 2019 Revised 27 October 2019 Accepted 21 November 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of composite resins before and after tooth bleaching procedures.

Materials and Methods

Sixty specimens were prepared of each composite resin (Filtek Supreme XT and Opallis), and BisCover LV surface sealant was applied to half of the specimens. Thirty enamel samples were obtained from the buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars for use as the control group. The surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after bleaching procedures with 35% hydrogen peroxide or 16% carbamide (n = 10). Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Fisher test (α = 0.05).

Results

Neither hydrogen peroxide nor carbamide peroxide treatment significantly altered the hardness of the composite resins, regardless of surface sealant application; however, both treatments significantly decreased the hardness of the tooth samples (p < 0.05). The bleaching did not cause any change in surface roughness, with the exception of the unsealed Opallis composite resin and dental enamel, both of which displayed an increase in surface roughness after bleaching with carbamide peroxide (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The microhardness and surface roughness of enamel and Opallis composite resin were influenced by bleaching procedures.

Keywords: Composite resins, Hardness, Roughness, Tooth bleaching

References

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Table 1.

Material, trademark, manufacturer, composition, and batch number of the substances used

Material	Trademark	Manufacturer	Composition	Batch #
Nanoparticle composite resin	Filtek Supreme XT	3M/ESPE (St. Paul, MN, USA)	Ceramics treated with silane, bis-GMA, bis-EMA, silane-treated silica, silica-zirconium oxide treated with silane, diurethane dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDMA, and 2,6-di-tert-p-cresol.	N275361BR
Microhybrid composite resin	Opallis	FGM (Joinville, SC, Brazil)	bis-GMA, bis-EMA, TEGDMA, urethane dimethacrylate and barium aluminum silicate, silicon oxide nanoparticles, camphorquinone, accelerators, stabilizers, and pigments.	030911
Sealant surface	BisCover LV	Bisco (Schaumburg, IL, USA)	Ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, urethane acrylate ester, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate.	1100010361
Hydrogen peroxide 35%	Whiteness HP Maxx 35%	FGM (Joinville, SC, Brazil)	Hydrogen peroxide 35%, thickeners, dye mixtures, glycol, inorganic filler, and deionized water.	140711
Carbamide peroxide 16%	Whiteness Perfect 16%	FGM (Joinville, SC, Brazil)	Carbamide peroxide, neutralized carbopol, potassium nitrate, sodium fluoride, humectant (glycol), and deionized water.	020911

bis-GMA, bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate; bis-EMA, ethoxylated bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate.

Table 2.

Mean values of Knoop microhardness before and after bleaching with carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and distilled water (control) for all materials used

Materials	Before bleaching	After bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide	After bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide	Control
Opallis	83.5 ± 4.5 ^b	80.4 ± 6.6 ^b	80.5 ± 4.9 ^b	91.2 ± 4.3 ^a
Opallis + BisCover	24.5 ± 2.5 ^b	25.4 ± 2.6 ^b	25.6 ± 2.3 ^b	28.1 ± 0.8 ^a
Supreme XT	92.9 ± 4.1 ^a	93.1 ± 2.2 ^a	93.0 ± 1.5 ^a	95.0 ± 7.6 ^a
Supreme XT + BisCover	28.1 ± 2.9 ^a	28.4 ± 1.7 ^a	29.5 ± 3.8 ^a	28.4 ± 2.3 ^a
Enamel	423.9 ± 30.5 ^a	200.0 ± 23.8 ^b	163.6 ± 54.9 ^b	398.6 ± 0.0 ^a

Data shown are mean ± standard deviation.

^a,b Lowercase superscripts indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between values in the same row.

Table 3.

Mean values of roughness before and after bleaching with carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and distilled water (control) for all materials used

Materials	Before bleaching 1	After bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide	After bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide	Control
Opallis	0.037 ± 0.007 ^b	0.048 ± 0.029 ^a	0.032 ± 0.003 ^b	0.035 ± 0.004 ^b
Opallis + BisCover	0.030 ± 0.007 ^a	0.032 ± 0.005 ^a	0.030 ± 0.004 ^a	0.026 ± 0.004 ^a
Supreme XT	0.028 ± 0.005 ^a	0.029 ± 0.004 ^a	0.029 ± 0.002 ^a	0.027 ± 0.005 ^a
Supreme XT + BisCover	0.027 ± 0.006 ^a	0.029 ± 0.005 ^a	0.029 ± 0.003 ^a	0.026 ± 0.005 ^a
Enamel	0.059 ± 0.017 ^a,b	0.067 ± 0.013 ^a	0.048 ± 0.008 ^b	0.071 ± 0.008 ^a

Data shown are mean ± standard deviation.

^a,b Lowercase superscripts indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between values in the same row.

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