Journal List > Restor Dent Endod > v.43(1) > 1148368

Lee, Ahn, An, and Park: Comparison of bond strengths of ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia surfaces using different zirconia primers and a universal adhesive

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strengths of ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia surfaces using different zirconia primers and universal adhesive.

Materials and Methods

Fifty zirconia blocks (15 × 15 × 10 mm, Zpex, Tosoh Corporation) were polished with 1,000 grit sand paper and air-abraded with 50 µm Al2 O3 for 10 seconds (40 psi). They were divided into 5 groups: control (CO), Metal/Zirconia primer (MZ, Ivoclar Vivadent), Z-PRIME Plus (ZP, Bisco), Zirconia Liner (ZL, Sun Medical), and Scotchbond Universal adhesive (SU, 3M ESPE). Transbond XT Primer (used for CO, MZ, ZP, and ZL) and Transbond XT Paste was used for bracket bonding (Gemini clear ceramic brackets, 3M Unitek). After 24 hours at 37°C storage, specimens underwent 2,000 thermocycles, and then, shear bond strengths were measured (1 mm/min). An adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was calculated. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test (p = 0.05).

Results

Surface treatment with primers resulted in increased shear bond strength. The SU group showed the highest shear bond strength followed by the ZP, ZL, MZ, and CO groups, in that order. The median ARI scores were as follows: CO = 0, MZ = 0, ZP = 0, ZL = 0, and SU = 3 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Within this experiment, zirconia primer can increase the shear bond strength of bracket bonding. The highest shear bond strength is observed in SU group, even when no primer is used.

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Figure 1.
Scanning electron micrographs (×100) of zirconia surface. (A, B) adhesive failure pattern; (C, D) mixed failure pattern; (E) cohesive failure pattern within the cement. The remnants of the cement were observed on the zirconia surface.
CO, control; MZ, Metal/Zirconia primer (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); ZP, Z-PRIME Plus (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA); ZL, Zirconia Liner (Sun Medical, Shiga, Japan); SU, Scotchbond Universal adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA).
rde-43-e7f1.tif
Table 1.
Composition of primers and universal adhesive
Trade name (abbreviation) Composition Manufacturer
Metal/Zirconia Primer (MZ) Tertiary butyl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, phosphonic acid acrylate, benzoylperoxide Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein
Z-PRIME Plus (ZP) Carboxylic acid monomer (BPDM), HEMA, ethanol, organophhosphate monomer (10-MDP) Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA
Zirconia Liner (ZL) MMA, 10-MDP, 4-methoxyphenol (HQME) Sun Medical, Shiga, Japan
Scotchbond Universal adhesive (SU) Organophosphate monomer (10-MDP), dimethacrylate resins (BisGMA, etc.), HEMA, Vitrebond copolymer, filler, ethanol, water, initiators, silane 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA

BPDM, biphenyl dimethacrylate; HEMA, hydroxyethyl methacrylate; BPDM, biphenyl dimethacrylate; 10-MDP, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; MMA, methyl methacrylate; HQME, hydroquinone monomethyl ether.

Table 2.
Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores
ARI score Criteria
0 No adhesive left on the tooth.
1 Less than half of the adhesive left on the tooth.
2 More than half of the adhesive left on the tooth.
3 All adhesive left on the tooth, with distinct impression of the bracket mesh.
Table 3.
Shear bond strengths (SBSs) of ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia surface (MPa, n = 10)
Group SBS Minimum Maximum
CO 1.07 ± 0.81 d 0.22 2.60
MZ 5.16 ± 0.83 c 4.08 6.51
ZP 10.47 ± 2.69 b 5.91 13.37
ZL 9.55 ± 1.75 b 7.09 12.32
SU 13.85 ± 1.48 a 11.20 16.47

Same superscript indicates that the bond strength was not significantly different between the materials. CO, control; MZ, Metal/Zirconia primer (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); ZP, Z-PRIME Plus (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA); ZL, Zirconia Liner (Sun Medical, Shiga, Japan); SU, Scotchbond Universal adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA).

Table 4.
Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores calculated depending on the remnants of adhesive on the zirconia surface after debonding
Group ARI score
0 1 2 3 Median (Q1–Q3) Mean ± SD
CO 9 1 0 (0–0) 0.10 ± 0.30
MZ 10 0 (0–0) 0.00 ± 0.00
ZP 6 4 0 (0–1) 0.40 ± 0.49
ZL 7 3 0 (0–1) 0.30 ± 0.46
SU 4 6 3 (2–3)* 2.60 ± 0.49

Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile; SD, standard deviation; CO, control; MZ, Metal/Zirconia primer (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); ZP, Z-PRIME Plus (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA); ZL, Zirconia Liner (Sun Medical, Shiga, Japan); SU, Scotchbond Universal adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA).

* Statistically significant difference (Fisher's exact test; p < 0.05).

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