Beyond the Role of CD55 as a Complement Component

So Hee Dho; Jae Cheong Lim; Lark Kyun Kim

doi:10.4110/in.2018.18.e11

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Dho, Lim, and Kim: Beyond the Role of CD55 as a Complement Component

Review Article

Immune Netw 2018;18(1):e11.

Published online: 4 February 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2018.18.e11

Beyond the Role of CD55 as a Complement Component

So Hee Dho¹, Jae Cheong Lim¹, Lark Kyun Kim^2,^*

¹Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea

²Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea

^*Correspondence to Lark Kyun Kim Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonju-ro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06229, Korea. E-mail: lkkim@yuhs.ac

Conflict of Interest The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Received 15 December 2017 Revised 9 February 2018 Accepted 11 February 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The complement is a part of the immune system that plays several roles in removing pathogens. Despite the importance of the complement system, the exact role of each component has been overlooked because the complement system was thought to be a nonspecific humoral immune mechanism that worked against pathogens. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF or CD55) is a known inhibitor of the complement system and has recently attracted substantial attention due to its role in various diseases, such as cancer, protein-losing enteropathy, and malaria. Some protein-losing enteropathy cases are caused by CD55 deficiency, which leads to complement hyperactivation, malabsorption, and angiopathic thrombosis. In addition, CD55 has been reported to be an essential host receptor for infection by the malaria parasite. Moreover, CD55 is a ligand of the seven-span transmembrane receptor CD97. Since CD55 is present in various cells, the functional role of CD55 has been expanded by showing that CD55 is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, malaria, protein-losing enteropathy, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of CD55 and the role of CD55 in these diseases. It also provides insight into the development of novel drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with CD55.

Keywords: CD55, Complement, Cancer, Malaria, Immunotherapy

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Figure 1.

Simplified complement system.

Figure 2.

The role of CD55 in various diseases. CD55 acts as a positive (blue arrows) or negative (purple lines) regulator in disease.

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