INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERIZING POOR WRITING FLOW
EMPHASIZING LOGICAL FLOW IN SCIENTIFIC WRITING
CREATING LOGICAL FLOW IN ARTICLE TEXT
Writing concise words
Table 1
Composing clear sentences
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• Respiratory medicine
Original sentence (20 words): A 55-year-old woman was admitted in a hospital complaining of experiencing 10 minutes of chest pain after smoking a cigarette.Shorter and clearer sentence (15 words): A 55-year-old woman was admitted for chest pain she felt for 10 minutes after smoking. -
• Cardiology
Original sentence (18 words): The coronary spasm is specifically an important differential diagnosis of the causes of the chest pain in patients.Shorter and clearer sentence (10 words): Coronary spasm is an important differential diagnosis of chest pain. -
• Oncology
Original sentence (20 words): Our progress of chemotherapy to the treatment of unresectable colorectal cancer has provided many patients with a prolonged survival period.Shorter and clearer sentence (11 words): Progress in chemotherapy for unresectable colorectal cancer has prolonged patient survival. -
• Pathology
Original sentence (29 words): The histological types were distributed and classified as adenocarcinoma in 51 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 24 cases, large cell carcinoma in 15 cases, and carcinoid in 10 cases.Shorter and clearer sentence (17 words): The histological types were adenocarcinoma (n = 51), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 24), large cell carcinoma (n = 15), and carcinoid (n = 10). -
• Genetics
Original sentence (28 words): An abnormal noradrenaline transporter gene has been reported by other studies in a part of the disease, and the pathological conditions based in genetic abnormality are being suspected.Shorter and clearer sentence (18 words): An abnormal noradrenaline transporter gene reportedly plays a role in the disease pathogenesis, thus genetic abnormality is suspected. -
• Nursing
Original sentence (40 words): Among the factors which have effects on quality of life, the positive factors were Spousal Support and the negative factors were Distress and infertility period, and of those factors, the most influential negative factor on quality of life was Distress.Shorter and clearer sentence (27 words): Among factors affecting quality of life, the positive factor was spousal support and the negative factors were distress and infertility period, with distress being the strongest factor. -
• Nursing
Original sentence (30 words): A social support has been specifically described as having the very function of buffering life when there is a stressfull life events and is related to promoting our very well-being.Shorter and clearer sentence (14 words): Social support has a buffering function against stressful life events and promotes our well-being. -
• Science/medicine
Original sentence (9 words): It is a method that is often carried out.Shorter and clearer sentence (5 words): This method is often performed. -
• Science/medicine
Original sentence (10 words): This is a procedure that is recommended by the FDA.Shorter and clearer sentence (7 words): This procedure is recommended by the FDA. -
• Science/medicine
Original sentence (6 words): These data are preliminary in nature.Shorter and clearer sentence (4 words): These data are preliminary.
Constructing well-structured paragraphs
Connecting sentences and paragraphs using transitions
“One of the most worrying features of COVID-19 is a phenomenon known as the “cytokine storm”, which is a rapid overreaction of the immune system. Additionally, coagulation abnormalities, thrombocytopenia and digestive symptoms, including anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea, are often observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19.”40
“We describe the validity of measures and their potential biases, as well as the scientific methods used in this field.”41
“Although obesity provides an advantage in cold conditions it conversely impedes heat loss and makes obese people susceptible to heat stress more than lean individuals.”42
“There are several instances where tele-physiotherapy may be an appropriate form of primary care, including the early management of acute pain, which may otherwise become chronic.”43
“Inflammation markers have been proposed as prognostic markers for the development of T2DM and its complications. Furthermore, modulation of the inflammatory process may offer future treatment strategies for T2DM.”48
“Evidence of the relationship between temperature during pregnancy and human embryo mortality is limited. Most importantly, the literature lacks causal estimations and studies on early pregnancy losses.”49
“Transplants have become common with excellent patient and graft outcomes owing to advances in surgical technique, immunosuppression, and antimicrobial prophylaxis.”50
“A serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PPs) activity assay was employed to monitor PPs activity. Subsequently, flow cytometry was used to monitor chemokines levels in plasma samples from individuals with cognitive deficits.”51
“Elderly population and age-related diseases are on the rise. On the contrary, aging studies are technically hard to conduct, because they require elderly animals, the maintenance of which requires ample effort and is expensive.”52