Notes
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Yu S, Song SA, Jun KR, and Park HY investigated and interpreted the results. Yu S, Song SA, and Jun KR curated and analyzed the data. Yu S wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Lee JN supervised the study. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript and agreed to publish the final manuscript.
REFERENCES
Table 1
Variable | Enrolled (N=1,234) | No sepsis (N=1,152) | Sepsis‡ (N=67) | Septic shock§ (N=15) | P || | P ¶ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No infection (N=1,021) | Infection† (N=131) | |||||||
No SIRS (N=954) | SIRS* (N=67) | |||||||
Male sex | 607 (49.2) | 468 (49.1) | 41 (61.2) | 56 (42.7) | 36 (53.7) | 6 (40.0) | 0.704 | 0.336 |
Age (yr) | 64 (50–76) | 63 (49–76) | 60 (48–76) | 66 (44–80) | 72 (61.5–80) | 70 (62.5–77.5) | <0.001 | 0.598 |
Death | 22 (1.8) | 13 (1.4) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (0.8) | 4 (6.0) | 3 (20.0) | <0.001 | 0.079 |
CRP (mg/L) | 3.80 (1.00–42.50) | 2.00 (0.60–10.50) | 1.00 (0.50–6.20) | 69.30 (17.10–130.70) | 126.40 (56.80–196.30) | 122.80 (80.60–156.50) | <0.001 | 0.966 |
Procalcitonin (μg/L) | 0.11 (0.04–0.46) | 0.05 (0.03–0.16) | 0.21 (0.03–1.29) | 0.14 (0.05–0.41) | 0.51 (0.13–1.54) | 2.59 (1.13–8.91) | <0.001 | 0.506 |
WBC, ×109/L | 7.77 (6.05–10.50) | 7.26 (5.84–9.43) | 11.10 (7.08–14.60) | 10.77 (7.88–13.70) | 10.90 (7.34–14.57) | 16.49 (10.86–20.11) | <0.001 | 0.083 |
Neutrophils, ×109/L | 5.18 (3.57–7.87) | 4.66 (3.45–6.79) | 7.79 (4.30–12.32) | 8.38 (5.70–11.43) | 8.91 (5.86–12.73) | 14.24 (8.75–16.95) | <0.001 | 0.064 |
Monocytes, ×109/L | 0.55 (0.41–0.73) | 0.52 (0.40–0.68) | 0.66 (0.50–0.98) | 0.58 (0.44–0.95) | 0.74 (0.53–0.91) | 0.74 (0.31–1.11) | <0.001 | 0.569 |
MDW | 18.43 (16.78–21.25) | 17.92 (16.53–19.77) | 17.88 (16.62–20.82) | 23.72 (21.15–27.35) | 24.75 (22.06–28.71) | 32.42 (26.44–35.90) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Values are presented using frequencies (percentages) for categorical data and medians (interquartile range) for continuous data.
*SIRS was confirmed if two or more criteria were present: temperature >38°C or <36°C, heart rate >90/min, respiratory rate >20/min or PaCO2 <32 mmHg, WBC count >12.00×109/L or <4.00 ×109/L, or >10% immature bands; †Infection was determined using clinical data from cultures and relevant imaging studies performed within two days of ED admission; ‡Sepsis was defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction identified by a total SOFA score of ≥2 points consequent to the infection, based on the Sepsis-3 criteria [5]; §Septic shock was defined as sepsis with hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure of ≥65 mmHg and hyperlactatemia with serum lactate level of >2 mmol/L despite adequate volume resuscitation; ||P for comparison between no sepsis and sepsis plus septic shock; ¶P for comparison between sepsis and septic shock.