Influences of Patient Activation on Diabetes Self-Care Activities and Diabetes-Specific Distress

Sookyung Choi; Su Hyun Kim

doi:10.7475/kjan.2020.32.1.10

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Choi and Kim: Influences of Patient Activation on Diabetes Self-Care Activities and Diabetes-Specific Distress

Original Article

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2020; 32(1): 10-20.

Published online: 20 February 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2020.32.1.10

Influences of Patient Activation on Diabetes Self-Care Activities and Diabetes-Specific Distress

Sookyung Choi¹

, Su Hyun Kim²

¹Director of Nursing, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea.

²Professor, College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kim, Su Hyun. College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea. Tel: +82-53-420-4928, Fax: +82-53-421-2758, suhyun_kim@knu.ac.kr

Received 23 September 2019 Revised 22 October 2019 Accepted 19 December 2019

Korean Society of Adult Nursing

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of patient activation on diabetes self-care activities and diabetes-specific distress among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

This cross-sectional correlational study was a secondary data analysis, utilizing data collected from September 2016 to July 2017, for 151 adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in ambulatory endocrinology units of two tertiary hospitals in a metropolitan city. The instruments used for data collection included the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire, the Patient Activation Scale, and the Brief Diabetes Distress Screening Instrument. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to test the influence of patient activation levels on self-care activities and diabetes-specific distress, after controlling for demographic and clinical variables.

Results

The average patient activation level was 67.8±16.72 (with the possible range from 0 to 100), and the average diabetes-specific distress level was 6.91±2.69 (with the possible range from 2 to 12). Diabetes self-care activities scores were highest in medication adherence and lowest in glucose self-monitoring. Patient activation was the significant factor influencing self-care activities, after controlling for demographic and clinical variables, but showed no significant influence on diabetes-specific distress. Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin medications were the significant factors influencing diabetes-specific distress.

Conclusion

These findings indicate the importance of nursing interventions to improve patient activation and to alleviate diabetes-specific distress. Therefore, in order to improve diabetes self-care activities, it is necessary to facilitate patient activation for diabetes care.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Patient participation, Self care, Stress, psychological

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General and Health-related Characteristics of the Participants (N=151)

HbA1C=glycated hemoglobin; SD=standard deviation; ^†Multiple answers.

Table 2

Level of Patient Activation, Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors, and Diabetes-Specific Distress

SD=standard deviation.

Table 3

Zero-order Correlations among the Study Variables

HbA1C=glycated hemoglobin.

Table 4

Influence of Patient Activation on Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors (N=151)

HbA1C=glycated hemoglobin.

Table 5

Influence of Patient Activation on Diabetes–Specific Distress (N=151)

HbA1C=glycated hemoglobin.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This article is a revision of the first author's master's thesis from Kyungpook National University.

This study was conducted by the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017R1A1A3A04069500).

Notes

^{CONFLICTS OF INTEREST} The authors declared no conflict of interest.

^AUTHORSHIP

Study conception and design acquisition - CS and KSH.
Data collection - CS.
Analysis and interpretation of the data - CS and KSH.
Drafting and critical revision of the manuscript - CS and KSH.

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ORCID iDs

Sookyung Choi
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-4369

Su Hyun Kim
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-6437

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