Journal List > J Korean Ophthalmol Soc > v.61(2) > 1142602

Kim and Lee: Association between Dry Eye Questionnaires and Dry Eye Sign in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Abstract

Purpose

The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) which are standard questionnaires of dry eye syndrome were used to determine the associations between clinical dry eye tests and meibomian gland dysfunctions (MGD).

Methods

Forty-one patients with MGD were enrolled in this study. The score of the dry eye syndrome questionnaire and the degree of blepharitis (score: 0–4), Schirmer test results, degree of fluorescence staining of cornea (Oxford Grading System), tear break-up time (TBUT), Pentacam imaging, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography results were used to compare and analyze the results of each test for possible correlations with the dry eye questionnaire answers.

Results

There was a significant correlation between OSDI and SPEED (R = 0.278, p = 0.011). SPEED was correlated with the Oxford grade (R = 0.478, p < 0.001) and MGD grade (R = 0.280, p = 0.011) while there was no significant correlation with corneal aberrations, tear meniscus height, tear meniscus area, Schirmer test results, or TBUT. The OSDI correlated with the MGD grade (R = 0.651, p < 0.001), TBUT (R = −0.360, p = 0.001), and age (R = −0.230, p = 0.037). Using multiple regression analyses, the MGD grade affected the OSDI (β = 0.580, p < 0.001) and the Oxford grade significantly influenced the SPEED (β = 0.447, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In Koreans, the OSDI questionnaire answers were associated with the MGD grade and SPEED questionnaire answers were associated with the corneal surface status. The OSDI questionnaire was therefore clinically useful in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction.

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Mean and standard deviation of (A) Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and (B) Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) sorted by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) grading. Based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). *Statistically significant (p < 0.05). One way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test.

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Figure 2

Spearman correlation between Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) and dry eye signs. Correlation graphs between SPEED and (A) Oxford grade, (B) meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) grade. ‘R’ means correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was calculated by Spearman correlation analysis.

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Figure 3

Spearman correlation between Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and dry eye signs. Correlation graphs between OSDI and (A) meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) grade, (B) tear break-up time (TBUT), and (C) age. ‘R’ means correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was calculated by Spearman correlation analysis.

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Table 1

Demographic and dry eye sign characteristics by classification according to severity of MGD

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Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number. MGD = meibomian gland dysfunction; SPEED = Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness; OSDI = Ocular Surface Disease Index; RMS = root mean square; TMH = tear meniscus height; TMA = tear meniscus area; TBUT = tear break up time. *Statistically significant t-test (p < 0.05).

Table 2

Scores of OSDI and SPEED according to MGD grade

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Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

MGD = meibomian gland dysfunction; OSDI = Ocular Surface Disease Index; SPEED = Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness.

Table 3

Spearman correlation analysis between dry eye signs and OSDI, SPEED

jkos-61-138-i003

OSDI = Ocular Surface Disease Index; SPEED = Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness; RMS = root mean square; TMH = tear meniscus height; TMA = tear meniscus area; TBUT = tear break up time; MGD = meibomian gland dysfunction. *Statistically significant t-test (p < 0.05).

Table 4

Multiple regression analysis between correlated dry eye signs and OSDI, SPEED

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OSDI = Ocular Surface Disease Index; SPEED = Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness; β = standardized coefficients beta; MGD = meibomian gland dysfunction; TBUT = tear break up time.

*Multiple regression analysis.

Notes

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2017R1D1A1B03029944).

Conflicts of Interest The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

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