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Abstract
Purpose:
Despite the high drinking rates and the complexity of drinking behaviors in adolescents, insufficient attention has been paid to their drinking patterns. Therefore, we aimed to identify patterns of adolescent drinking behaviors and factors predicting the distinct subgroups of adolescent drinking behaviors.
Methods:
We analyzed nationally representative secondary data obtained in 2017. Our final sample included 24,417 Korean adolescents who had consumed at least one glass of alcohol in their lifetime. To investigate patterns of drinking behaviors, we conducted a latent class analysis using nine alcohol-related characteristics, including alcohol consumption levels, solitary drinking, timing of drinking initiation, and negative consequences of drinking. Furthermore, we investigated differences in demographics, mental health status, and characteristics of substance use across the latent classes identified in our study. To do so, we used the PROC LCA with COVARIATES statement in the SAS software.
Results:
We identified three latent classes of drinking behaviors: current non-drinkers (CND), binge drinkers (BD), and problem drinkers (PD). Compared to the CND class, both BD and PD classes were strongly associated with higher academic year, lower academic performance, higher levels of stress, suicidal ideation, lifetime conventional or electronic cigarette use, and lifetime use of other drugs.
Conclusion:
Health professionals should develop and implement intervention strategies targeting individual subgroups of drinking behaviors to obtain better outcomes. In particular, health professionals should consider different characteristics across subgroups of adolescent drinking behaviors when developing the interventions, such as poor mental health status and other substance use among binge and problem drinkers.
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Table 1.
Characteristics of Drinking Behaviors (N=24,417)
| Factor |
Unweighted frequency (weighted %) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gender |
School year |
|||
| Male | Female | Middle school | High school | |
| Drinking during the past 30 days | ||||
| Yes | 5,562 (41.4) | 4,035 (38.1) | 2,342 (29.0) | 7,255 (44.6) |
| No | 8,064 (58.6) | 6,756 (61.9) | 5,843 (71.0) | 8,977 (55.4) |
| Binge drinking during the past 30 days | ||||
| Yes | 2,643 (20.1) | 2,204 (21.1) | 717 (9.2) | 4,130 (25.3) |
| No | 10,983 (79.9) | 8,587 (78.9) | 7,468 (90.8) | 12,102 (74.7) |
| Drinking on six or more days during the past 30 days | ||||
| Yes | 2,535 (18.9) | 1,386 (13.0) | 898 (11.3) | 3,023 (18.5) |
| No | 11,091 (81.1) | 9,405 (87.0) | 7,287 (88.7) | 13,209 (81.5) |
| Drinking alone | ||||
| Yes | 1,597 (12.0) | 1,076 (10.1) | 492 (6.1) | 2,181 (13.3) |
| No | 12,029 (88.0) | 9,715 (89.9) | 7,693 (93.9) | 14,051 (86.7) |
| Timing of drinking initiation† | ||||
| Elementary school age or younger | 3,990 (27.7) | 2,288 (19.7) | 4,243 (51.7) | 2,035 (12.7) |
| Middle school age or older | 9,593 (72.3) | 8,484 (80.3) | 3,904 (48.3) | 14,173 (87.3) |
| Family members’ or friends’ advice on reduction of | ||||
| alcohol consumption†† | ||||
| Yes | 800 (6.0) | 583 (5.5) | 296 (3.8) | 1,087 (6.6) |
| No | 12,826 (94.0) | 10,208 (94.5) | 7,889 (96.3) | 15,145 (93.4) |
| Drunk driving or riding together with a drunk driver | ||||
| Yes | 582 (4.3) | 195 (1.8) | 165 (2.1) | 612 (3.7) |
| No | 13,044 (95.7) | 10,596 (98.2) | 8,020 (97.9) | 15,620 (96.3) |
| Blackout after drinking§ | ||||
| Yes | 1,099 (8.3) | 942 (9.0) | 357 (4.5) | 1,684 (10.4) |
| No | 12,527 (91.7) | 9,849 (91.0) | 7,828 (95.5) | 14,548 (89.7) |
| Involvement in arguments after drinking†† | ||||
| Yes | 546 (4.1) | 262 (2.4) | 164 (2.1) | 644 (3.9) |
| No | 13,080 (95.9) | 10,529 (97.6) | 8,021 (98.0) | 15,588 (96.1) |
Table 2.
Summary of Information for Selecting Number of Latent Classes of Adolescent Drinking Behaviors (N=24,417)
| Number of latent classes | G2 | Degree of Freedom | AIC | BIC | Adjusted BIC | Entropy | Log-likelihood |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 36,863.37 | 502 | 36,881.37 | 36,954.30 | 36,925.70 | 1.00 | -76,173.27 |
| 2 | 5,247.71 | 492 | 5,285.71 | 5,439.67 | 5,379.29 | 0.92 | -60,365.44 |
| 3 | 1,279.86 | 482 | 1,337.86 | 1,572.84 | 1,480.68 | 0.90 | -58,381.52 |
| 4 | 721.99 | 472 | 799.99 | 1,116.01 | 992.07 | 0.87 | -58,102.58 |
| 5 | 520.82 | 462 | 618.82 | 1,015.87 | 860.15 | 0.82 | -58,002.00 |
Table 3.
Item-Response Probabilities from Three-Latent-Class Model of Adolescent Drinking Behaviors (N=24,417)
|
Latent Class |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Current non-drinkers | Binge drinkers | Problem drinkers | |
| Probability of membership† | .69 | .27 | .04 |
| Item-response probabilities corresponding to a Yes†† response | |||
| Drinking during the past 30 days | 0.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Binge drinking during the past 30 days | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.86 |
| Drinking on six or more days during the past 30 days | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.61 |
| Drinking alone | 0.00 | 0.29 | 0.78 |
| Timing of drinking initiation | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.36 |
| Family members’ or friends’ advice on reduction of alcohol consumption | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.72 |
| Drunk driving or riding together with a drunk driver | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.51 |
| Blackout after drinking | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.84 |
| Involvement in arguments after drinking | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.63 |
Table 4.
Characteristics across Three Latent Classes of Adolescent Drinking Behaviors (N=24,417)
Table 5.
Predictors of Latent Class Membership in Adolescent Drinking Behaviors (N=24,417)
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