A Comparison of Nagel Anomaloscope and Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue in Congenital Color Vision Deficiency

Jong Woo Kim; Hee Seung Chin; Ji Won Jung

doi:10.3341/jkos.2020.61.1.101

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Kim, Chin, and Jung: A Comparison of Nagel Anomaloscope and Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue in Congenital Color Vision Deficiency

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2020; 61(1): 101-106.

Published online: 15 January 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2020.61.1.101

A Comparison of Nagel Anomaloscope and Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue in Congenital Color Vision Deficiency

Jong Woo Kim, MD, Hee Seung Chin, MD, PhD, Ji Won Jung, MD

Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Ji Won Jung, MD. Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University Hospital, #27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea. Tel: 82-32-890-2400, Fax: 82-32-890-2417, panch325@hanmail.net

Received 12 July 2019 Revised 25 July 2019 Accepted 30 December 2019

The Korean Ophthalmological Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To compare the classification and severity of congenital color vision deficiency using a Nagel anomaloscope and Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue Test (FM 100-hue).

Methods

A total of 394 eyes of 197 patients diagnosed with congenital color vision deficiency were included. Examinations using a Nagel anomaloscope and FM 100-hue were performed, and color vision abnormalities were classified as a protan color defect or deutan color defect by each test, and the degrees of color vision abnormalities were compared.

Results

The tests showed 64.3% (p < 0.001) agreement in the classification of color vision deficiencies. The Nagel anomaloscope was able to classify all cases, whereas 143 eyes (36.3%) could not be classified using the FM 100-hue test. In the case of the same type of color vision abnormality in both eyes, 196 cases (99.5%) using the Nagel anomaloscope and 111 cases (56.3%) using the FM 100-hue were observed. Regarding the degree of color defect, there was a moderate positive correlation between the two tests (r = 0.43; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the total error scores between mild anomalous trichromacy and severe anomalous trichromacy as assessed using FM 100-hue (p = 0.087).

Conclusions

The Nagel anomaloscope was a more appropriate test for discerning the degree of color defect and binocular classification. In severity assessments, there was a moderate positive correlation between the two test methods. However, there were no significant differences in the total error scores between mild anomalous trichromacy and severe anomalous trichromacy as assessed using FM 100-hue. Therefore, it was difficult to perform severity classification using the Nagel anomaloscope based on the total error score of the FM 100-hue test.

Keywords: Congenital Color vision Deficiency, Nagel Anomaloscope, Farnsworth Munsel 100-Hue

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Correlation between Anomaloscope severity & FM 100-hue score. Bars indicate averaged FM 100-hue score in each group. Error bars indicate standard deviations. ^*Statistically significant difference between parameters (p < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation (r = 0.43, p < 0.001).

Table 1

Interpretation of color vision defects by type on Nagel anomaloscope4 and FM 100-hue6

FM 100-hue = Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue.

Table 2

Clinical variables in CVD

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range) or number (%).

CVD = Congenital color vision deficiency; FM 100-hue = Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue.

Table 3

Correspondence of CVD Classification between Anomaloscope & FM 100-hue in toal CVD

Values are presented as number (%).

CVD = Congenital color vision deficiency; FM 100-hue = Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue; Protan = Protan color defect; Deutan = Deutan color defect.

Notes

^{Conflicts of Interest} The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

References

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A Comparison of Nagel Anomaloscope and Farnsworth Munsel 100-hue in Congenital Color Vision Deficiency

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Correlation between Anomaloscope severity & FM 100-hue score. Bars indicate averaged FM 100-hue score in each group. Error bars indicate standard deviations. *Statistically significant difference between parameters (p < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation (r = 0.43, p < 0.001).

Table 1

Interpretation of color vision defects by type on Nagel anomaloscope4 and FM 100-hue6

Table 2

Clinical variables in CVD

Table 3

Correspondence of CVD Classification between Anomaloscope & FM 100-hue in toal CVD

Notes

References

Correlation between Anomaloscope severity & FM 100-hue score. Bars indicate averaged FM 100-hue score in each group. Error bars indicate standard deviations. ^*Statistically significant difference between parameters (p < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation (r = 0.43, p < 0.001).