Cardiorenal syndrome

Myung-Gyu Kim

doi:10.5124/jkma.2020.63.1.20

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Kim: Cardiorenal syndrome

Focused Issue of This Month

Kidney and systemic disease

Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2020; 63(1): 20-29.

Published online: 10 January 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.1.20

Cardiorenal syndrome

Myung-Gyu Kim, MD

Division of Nephrology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Myung-Gyu Kim. myung-gyu@korea.ac.kr

Received 27 October 2019 Accepted 19 December 2019

Korean Medical Association

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

To maintain homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, the heart and kidney act bidirectionally. Therefore, acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ can cause dysfunction in the other. This phenomenon is characterized as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Concurrent dysfunction of the heart and kidney adversely affects one another and eventually worsens patient outcomes through a vicious cycle. Although a CRS classification system has been proposed, the underlying pathophysiology is multifactorial and clinical access continues to be difficult. Although several therapies, including agents that target the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, have been utilized, there is not enough evidence to demonstrate their effectiveness for CRS. Thus, more effort should be made to optimize the diagnosis and treatment strategies for CRS patients. This review will introduce CRS as it is currently understood, discuss the pathophysiology, and examine management strategies.

Keywords: Cardio-renal syndrome, Heart failure, Acute kidney injury, Chronic renal insufficiency

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Classification of cardiorenal syndrome

Notes

^{Conflict of Interest} No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

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ORCID iDs: Myung-Gyu Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-2452
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