PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Jung-Ha Lee1
, Se-Yeon Kim1, 2, Ji-Soo Kim1, 2, Min-Ji Byon1, 2, Eun-Joo Jun1, Han-Na Kim3, Jin-Bom Kim1, 2
, Se-Yeon Kim1, 2, Ji-Soo Kim1, 2, Min-Ji Byon1, 2, Eun-Joo Jun1, Han-Na Kim3, Jin-Bom Kim1, 2
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate factors related to the periodontal health of 12-year-old children.
Methods
In 2015, the Korean Children's Oral Health Survey from the Ministry of Health & Social Welfare conducted a nationwide representative sample comprised of 23,702 12-year-old children. The calibration-trained dentists examined the gingivitis and dental calculus of the children taking into consideration of the Löe and Silness gingival index to diagnose gingivitis with a modified gingivitis scale. We used questionnaires to collect data from the children on dental treatments, the experience of dental pain and gingival bleeding, self-perceived oral health, and oral health behaviors. Data were analyzed using a complex samples Chi-square test, general linear model, and logistic regression. Significance was determined at P<0.05.
Results
The prevalence of gingivitis was higher among males (OR 1.57), among children with poor perception (OR 1.19), dental calculus (OR 3.68), or gingival bleeding experience (OR 2.00), and among children not using dental floss (OR 1.69) or tongue cleaner (OR 1.90). The prevalence of dental calculus was higher among children with gingivitis (OR 3.82) and among children who had not visited a dental clinic in the preceding year (OR 1.31). However, dental calculus was lower among children with a higher frequency of daily toothbrushing (OR 0.75), intake of cariogenic foods (OR 0.90), or a higher DMFT index (OR 0.91).
Figures and Tables
Table 3
Gingivitis and dental calculus by socio-demographic and oral health problems, and dental treatment status
Table 4
Gingivitis and dental calculus by the use of oral hygiene device besides toothbrush and toothpaste
Table 5
Status of gingivitis by oral health behaviors, dental health status and self-perceived oral health status
Table 6
Status of dental calculus by oral health behaviors, dental health status and self-perceived oral health status
Table 7
Complex samples multivariable logistic regression for corelation of gingivitis with gender, oral health status, unmet dental treatments, oral health behaviors
Dependent variable: gingivitis (reference category=none).
Independent variables: gender, self-perceived oral health, calculus, gingival bleeding, unmet need of dental treatments, daily toothbrushing frequency, use of dental floss and tongue cleaner.
*Adjusted odds ratio. †Confidence Interval (Lower, Upper).
Table 8
Complex samples multivariable logistic regression for corelation of dental calculus with gender, oral health status, unmet dental treatments, oral health behaviors
Dependent variable: calculus (reference category=none).
Independent variables: gender, gingivitis, dental visit, unmet need of dental treatments, daily toothbrushing frequency, frequency of cariogenic snack intake, DMFT index (mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth in permanent dentition.
*Adjusted odds ratio. †Confidence Interval (Lower, Upper).
References
1. Ro IK, Moon HS, Paik DI, Kim JB. A study on the percentage of extraction required by causes in Korea. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 1998; 22:183–194.
2. Lee SK, Lee KW, Chang KW. Reasons for extracted permanent teeth in Korean population. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2001; 25:139–163.
3. Ha JE, Bae KH. Reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Korea. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2012; 36:32–37.
4. Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. 2017 Statistics of Healthcare expenses: 17. Healthcare service reimbursement by the ranking of multi-frequency occurring diseases according to the list of three-character categories of Korea Standard Classification of Diseases: out-patients. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Wealfare;2017. p. 59–62.
5. Page RC. Gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1986; 13:345–359.
6. Wara-aswapati N, Howell TH, Needleman HL, Karimbux N. Periodontitis in the child and adolescent. ASDC J Dent Child. 1999; 66:167–174.
7. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea National Children's Oral Health Survey in 2018. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2018. p. 3p. 25–77. p. 124–127.
8. Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE, Seymour GJ, Kornman KS. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions. Periodontol 2000. 1997; 14:216–248.
9. Kwon YH, Kim BW, Kim SJ, Kim CK, Park JB, Suh JY, et al. Periodontology. Seoul: Koonja Publishing Co.;2001. p. 213–216.
10. Sabbah W, Tsakos G, Chandola T, Sheiham A, Watt RG. Social gradients in oral and general health. J Dent Res. 2007; 86:992–996.
11. Dalla Vecchia CF, Susin C, Rösing CK, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM. Overweight and obesity as risk indicators for periodontitis in adults. J Periodontol. 2005; 76:1721–1728.
12. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization;2013. p. 35–56.
13. Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Oral health beliefs in adolescence and oral health in young adulthood. J Dent Res. 2006; 85:339–343.
14. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea National Children's Oral Health Survey in 2015. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2015. p. 80–91.
15. Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963; 21:533–551.
16. El Tantawi M, AlAgl A. Association between gingivitis severity and lifestyle habits in young Saudi Arabian males. East Mediterr Health J. 2018; 24:504–511.
17. Baiju RMP, Peter E, Nayar BR, Varughese JM, Varghese NO. Prevalence and predictors of early periodontal disease among adolescents. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2019; 23:356–361.
18. Sharma U, Gill N, Gulati A, Passi S, Verma L, et al. Effect of oral health behavior and demographic variables on gingival health in 11-16-year-old school children in Chandigarh, India: A cross-sectional study. J Investig Clin Dent. 2019; 10:e12405. DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12405.
19. Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Torlińska-Walkowiak N, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. The relationship between oral hygiene level and gingivitis in children. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018; 27:1397–1401.
20. Taani DQ. Trends in oral hygiene, gingival status and dental caries experience in 13-14-year-old Jordanian school children between 1993 and 1999. Int Dent J. 2001; 51:447–450.
21. Ballouk MA, Dashash M. The gingival health status of 8-12 year-old children in Damascus city in Syria during the Syrian Crisis: a cross-sectional epidemiological oral health survey. BMC Res Notes. 2018; 11:887. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3998-x.
22. Egelberg J. Permeability of the dento-gingival blood vessels. 3. Chronically inflamed gingivae. J Periodontal Res. 1966; 1:287–296.
23. Berhan Nordin EA, Shoaib LA, Mohd Yusof ZY, Manan NM, Othman SA. Oral health-related quality of life among 11-12 year old indigenous children in Malaysia. BMC Oral Health. 2019; 19:152. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0833-2.
24. Kinane D. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2001; 25:8–20.
25. Pattanaporn K, Navia JM. The relationship of dental calculus to caries, gingivitis, and selected salivary factors in 11- to 13-year-old children in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J Periodontol. 1998; 69:955–961.
26. Kukletova M, Izakovicova Holla L, Musilova K, Broukal Z, Kukla L. Relationship between gingivitis severity, caries experience and orthodontic anomalies in 13-15 year-old adolescents in Brno, Czech Republic. Community Dent Health. 2012; 29:179–183.
XML Download