Journal List > J Korean Acad Oral Health > v.43(4) > 1140761

Lee, Kim, Kim, Byon, Jun, Kim, and Kim: Elucidating the relationship of gingivitis and dental calculus with the periodontal health of 12-year-old children

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate factors related to the periodontal health of 12-year-old children.

Methods

In 2015, the Korean Children's Oral Health Survey from the Ministry of Health & Social Welfare conducted a nationwide representative sample comprised of 23,702 12-year-old children. The calibration-trained dentists examined the gingivitis and dental calculus of the children taking into consideration of the Löe and Silness gingival index to diagnose gingivitis with a modified gingivitis scale. We used questionnaires to collect data from the children on dental treatments, the experience of dental pain and gingival bleeding, self-perceived oral health, and oral health behaviors. Data were analyzed using a complex samples Chi-square test, general linear model, and logistic regression. Significance was determined at P<0.05.

Results

The prevalence of gingivitis was higher among males (OR 1.57), among children with poor perception (OR 1.19), dental calculus (OR 3.68), or gingival bleeding experience (OR 2.00), and among children not using dental floss (OR 1.69) or tongue cleaner (OR 1.90). The prevalence of dental calculus was higher among children with gingivitis (OR 3.82) and among children who had not visited a dental clinic in the preceding year (OR 1.31). However, dental calculus was lower among children with a higher frequency of daily toothbrushing (OR 0.75), intake of cariogenic foods (OR 0.90), or a higher DMFT index (OR 0.91).

Conclusions

Children with dental calculus and gingival bleeding who did not visit a dental clinic in the preceding year also had a higher prevalence of gingivitis and dental calculus. The prevalence of children's dental calculus was lower among children with a high frequency of daily toothbrushing.

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Prevalence of gingivitis and calculus

jkaoh-43-196-i001

*Complex samples Chi-square test.

Table 2

Gingivitis by the existence of dental calculus through oral examination

jkaoh-43-196-i002

*Complex samples Chi-square test.

Table 3

Gingivitis and dental calculus by socio-demographic and oral health problems, and dental treatment status

jkaoh-43-196-i003

*Complex samples Chi-square test.

Table 4

Gingivitis and dental calculus by the use of oral hygiene device besides toothbrush and toothpaste

jkaoh-43-196-i004

*Complex samples Chi-square test.

Table 5

Status of gingivitis by oral health behaviors, dental health status and self-perceived oral health status

jkaoh-43-196-i005

*Complex samples general linear model. Standard error. Mean number of decayed teeth in permanent dentition. §Mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth in permanent dentition. Very good=1, good=2, fair=3, bad=4, very bad=5.

Table 6

Status of dental calculus by oral health behaviors, dental health status and self-perceived oral health status

jkaoh-43-196-i006

*Complex samples general linear model. Standard error. Mean number of decayed teeth in permanent dentition. §Mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth in permanent dentition. Very good=1, good=2, fair=3, bad=4, very bad=5.

Table 7

Complex samples multivariable logistic regression for corelation of gingivitis with gender, oral health status, unmet dental treatments, oral health behaviors

jkaoh-43-196-i007

Dependent variable: gingivitis (reference category=none).

Independent variables: gender, self-perceived oral health, calculus, gingival bleeding, unmet need of dental treatments, daily toothbrushing frequency, use of dental floss and tongue cleaner.

*Adjusted odds ratio. Confidence Interval (Lower, Upper).

Table 8

Complex samples multivariable logistic regression for corelation of dental calculus with gender, oral health status, unmet dental treatments, oral health behaviors

jkaoh-43-196-i008

Dependent variable: calculus (reference category=none).

Independent variables: gender, gingivitis, dental visit, unmet need of dental treatments, daily toothbrushing frequency, frequency of cariogenic snack intake, DMFT index (mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth in permanent dentition.

*Adjusted odds ratio. Confidence Interval (Lower, Upper).

Notes

This work was supported by a 2-year research grant of Pusan National University.

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TOOLS
ORCID iDs

Jung-Ha Lee
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-7150

Se-Yeon Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-352X

Ji-Soo Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1571-4762

Min-Ji Byon
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-9234

Eun-Joo Jun
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-8618

Han-Na Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-5894

Jin-Bom Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8619-2741

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