Abstract
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Bilateral multiple renal arteries and quadruple testicular veins before (A) and after (B) reflection of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The renal arteries were designated R1 to R3 from the highest to the lowest on the right side and, similarly, L1 to L6 on the left side. R2 and R3 showed precaval courses. L5 (C) and L6 (D) originated from the left testicular artery (rectangle, B) and penetrated the renal parenchyma, which was confirmed by histopathological examination (H&E, ×100). The right testicular vein drained into the inferior vena cava (dotted arrow, A), whereas the left quadruple testicular veins drained into the left renal vein (dotted arrows, A), accompanied by L5 and L6, respectively. Arrows indicate testicular arteries. a, artery; AA, abdominal aorta; IMA, inferior mesenteric artery; RV, renal vein; U, ureter; v, vein.
![acb-52-518-g001](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/1049ACB/acb-52-518-g001.jpg)
Fig. 2
Schematic drawing of the variations of the urogenital vessels. (A) Additional renal arteries arose from the abdominal aorta (AA) bilaterally and from the left testicular artery (TA). The renal arteries were designated R1 to R3 from the highest to the lowest position on the right side and, similarly, L1 to L6 on the left side. (B) The left quadruple testicular veins (TVs) drained into the left renal vein (RV), accompanied by additional left renal arteries that arose from the testicular artery. IVC, inferior vena cava; U, ureter.
![acb-52-518-g002](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/1049ACB/acb-52-518-g002.jpg)
Table 1
Morphologic parameters of the multiple renal arteries
![acb-52-518-i001](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/1049ACB/acb-52-518-i001.jpg)
The renal arteries were designated R1 to R3 from the highest to the lowest position on the right side and, similarly, L1 to L6 on the left side. The excess renal arteries were classified into two groups based on the site of renal artery penetration: hilar (accessory) or polar (aberrant) arteries, based on a previous report [6]. LV, lumbar vertebrae; ND, not determined.