PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Jong-Pill Kim
, Jin-Mo Park, Il-Hwan Lee, Hye-Yun Park
, Jin-Mo Park, Il-Hwan Lee, Hye-Yun Park
Abstract
Background
The anemia still remains the most common hematologic disorder in the world despite improvements in general health and nutrition. Recently, the prevalence of anemia in the persons affected leprosy aged over 60 years in Korea was reported 22.4% in 60–69 years and 47.4% in 70 years or older in male and was reported 33.8% in 60–69 years and 46.0% in 70 years or older in female.
Objective
In the meantime, the studies were limited to the subjects in a specific region, and the number of subjects was not enough, so it was not enough to evaluate the of anemia of persons affected by leprosy in Korea. So this study was conducted to evaluate it's prevalence, types, & presumed causes in settlement villages nationwide.
Method
This study was conducted that the mobile team visited the resettlement villages nationwide from 2009 to 2019 and conducted on persons affected by leprosy and residents residing in resettlement village. Obtained bloods & serums were assayed (hemoglobin, mean corpucular volume, red blood cell distribution width, serum ferritin, serum iron, TIBC, serum vitamin B12, serum folate).
Result
The prevalence of anemia was 34.31%(male 36.49%, female 32.97%), the proportion of the anemia classified by MCV was 2.6%(microcytic), 66.3%(normocytic), and 31.1%(macrocytic). Among micro- & normocytic anemia, a cause of the anemia was attributed 12.5% to anemia of iron deficiencies, 7.5% anemia of iron deficiencies with anemia of chronic diseases, and 5% to anemia of chronic diseases, among normo- & macrocytic anemaia, was attributed 8.6% to anemia of vitamin B12 deficiency(< 211 pg/ml) and 23.8% to anemia of folate deficiency(< 5.38 ng/ml).
Conclusion
In this study, we found that the prevalence of anemia in the persons affected leprosy aged over 60 years was higher than other past reports of general population over 60 years in Korea. So we will consider about the evaluation of higher prevalence of anemia in persons affected leprosy, causes of anemia, especially dapsone-related & other underline disease and management plan for anemia in them by the in-depth studies.
Figures and Tables
Table 2
Classification of micro- & normocytic anemia by iron status
IDA; iron deficiency anemia, ACD; anemia of chronic disease, MCV; mean corpuscular volume,
TIBC; total iron-biding capacity., Modified SY Kim14
References
1. Sandoval C, Jayabose S, Eden AN. Trends in diagnosis and management of iron deficiency during infancy and early childhood. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2004; 18:1423–1438.
2. Wu AC, Lesperance L, Bernstein H. Screening for iron deficiency. Pediatr Rev. 2002; 23:171–178.
3. Greydanus DE, Patel DR. The female athlete. Before and beyond puberty. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002; 49:553–558.
4. Meier PR, Nickerson HJ, Olson KA, Berg RL, Meyer JA. Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent and adult pregnancies. Clin Med Res. 2003; 1:29–36.
5. Bross MH, Soch K, Smith-Knuppel T. Anemia in older persons. Am Fam Physician. 2010; 82:480–487.
6. McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12(4):444–454.
7. Kim SK, Kang HS, Lee JE, et al. The Prevalence Change of Anemia in the Population Aged 10 Years or Older: 2005 and 2009. Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011; 18:8.
8. Choi CW, Park KH, Yoon SY, et al. Prevalence of anemia in the elderly. Korean J Med. 2001; 60:249–253.
9. Shin HJ. Clinical Characteristics of Hematologic Diseases in the Elderly. Korean J Med. 2013; 85:33–37.
10. KHWA. Current situation and major indicator of Hansen's service programme in Korea. Uiwang, Korea: KHWA;2019. p. 9.
11. Kim JP, Kim SW, Kim YS. The Analysis of Cause of Anemia in Persons affected leprosy. Korean Lepr Bull. 2014; 47:17–26.
12. WHO. WHO criteria for anemia: WHO-Nutritional anemias. 1972. Tech. Rep. Ser. 503.
13. Tettamanti M, Lucca U, Gandini F, Recchia A, Mosconi P, Apolone G, et al. Prevalence, incidence and types of mild anemia in the elderly: the “Health and Anemia” population-based study. Haematologica. 2010; 95(11):1849–1856.
14. Kim SY. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Diagnosis and Treatment. Korean J Med. 2017; 92(2):155–161.
15. Chaves PH, Ashar B, Guralnik JM, Fried LP. Looking at the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and prevalent mobility difficulty in older women. Should the criteria currently used to define anemia in older people be reevaluated? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50:1257–1126.
16. Penninx BW, Pahor M, Cesari M, Corsi AM, Woodman RC, Bandinelli S. Anemia is associated with disability and decreased physical performance and muscle strength in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004; 52:719–724.
17. Penninx BW, Guralnik JM, Onder G, Ferrucci L, Wallace RB, Pahor M. Anemia and decline in physical performance among older persons. Am J Med. 2003; 115:104–110.
18. Thein M, Ershler WB, Artz AS, Tecson J, Robinson BE, Rothstein G. Diminished quality of life and physical function in community-dwelling elderly with anemia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2009; 88:107–111.
19. Chaves PH, Carlson MC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Semba R, Fried LP. Association between mild anemia and executive function impairment in community-dwelling older women: The Women's Health and Aging Study II. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006; 54:1429–1435.
20. Chaves PH, Xue QL, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Volpato S, Fried LP. What constitutes normal hemoglobin concentration in community-dwelling disabled older women? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004; 52:1811–1816.
21. Zakai NA, Katz R, Hirsch C, Shlipak MG, Chaves PH, Newman AB. A prospective study of anemia status, hemoglobin concentration, and mortality in an elderly cohort: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165:2214–2220.
22. Kim HS, Lee BK. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of anemia among rural elderly in Asan. Nutr Res Pract. 2008; 2:8–12.
23. Choi CW, Park KH, Yoon SY, et al. Prevalence of anemia in the elderly. Korean J Med. 2001; 60:249–253.
24. Kim SK, Kang HS, Lee JE, et al. The Prevalence Change of Anemia in the Population Aged 10 Years or Older: 2005 and 2009. Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011; 18:8.
25. Kim JP, Kim SW, Kim YS. The Analysis of Cause of Anemia in Persons affected leprosy. Korean Lepr Bull. 2014; 47:17–26.
26. WHO. WHO Model Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in Leprosy. Available from:https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh2988e/.
27. Deps PD, Nasser S, Guerra P. Adverse effects from multi-drug therapy in leprosy: a Brazilian study. Lepr Rev. 2007; 78:216–222.
28. Grossman S, Budinscki R, Jollow D. Dapsone-induced hemolytic anemia: role of glucose-6-phosphatodehydrogenase in the hemolytic response of rat erythrocytes to N-hydroxydapsone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995; 273:870–887.
29. Park SM, Lee TK, Moon DC, Kwon KS. A case of Dapsone Induced Hemolytic Anemia. Korean Lepr Bull. 1988; 21(1):51–54.
XML Download