Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.25(4) > 1139378

Jung and Sung: Effects of an Aging Management Program for Middle-aged Women on Resilience and Successful Aging

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an aging management program on the resilience and successful aging of middle-aged women.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control and pre-post test design was used. The participants were 39 middle-aged women living in urban areas in Korea. The experimental group (n=22) received the aging management program for a total of 10 weeks, 90 minutes to 120 minutes per week. The aging management program consisted of strategies to enhance the behavior, promotion conditions, and habits of the program, including various activities for middle-aged women. The data were analyzed using χ2 tests, independent t-tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.

Results

The resilience score of the experimental group was significantly higher level than the score of the control group in the time-to-group interactions (F=3.70, p=0.029). The successful aging score of the experimental group was significantly higher than the score of the control group in the time-to-group interactions (F=5.86, p=0.004). However, the sub-hypotheses of resilience (self-regulation and interpersonal relationships) and successful aging (physical aging adaptation and psychological age adaptation) were partially accepted.

Conclusions

The aging management program for middle-aged women was identified as an effective intervention for promoting resilience and successful aging in middle-aged women. Therefore, this suggests that the aging care program could be a useful intervention program to improve the mental health of middle-aged women living in communities.

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Figure 1.
Theoretical framework for the study [13]. AMA=Aging Management Activity.
kjwhn-25-392f1.tif
Figure 2.
The procedure for development of aging management program for middle-aged women.
kjwhn-25-392f2.tif
Table 1.
The Contents of Aging Management Program for Middle-aged Women
Session No. Interventional activity Theoretical factor Contents TIB promotion
1–3. Art activity -Intention How to write an audit diary to promote positive emotions Social factor
-Facilitating conditions How to use the declaration of happiness Perceived consequence
Intimacy-forming activity Affect
Create workbooks for strengths
4–6. Gardening activity -Intention Sharing experiences as social roles change with aging Social factor
-Facilitating conditions Hydroponic plant activity photo SNS sharing Perceived consequence
Community garden photo SNS sharing
7–9. Physical activity -Intention How to write an exercise journal Habit hierarchies
-Facilitating conditions Expressing feelings about physical discomfort Affect
Elastic band exercise SNS sharing Habit hierarchies
10. Completion -Intention Program activity feeling sharing Social factor
-Facilitating conditions Share what’s changed in your daily life Affect

TIB=Triandis interpersonal behavior; SNS=Social Networking Service.

Table 2.
Characteristics of the Participants (N=39)
Characteristics Categories Total Experimental (n=20) Control (n=19) t/χ2 p
n(%) n(%) n(%)
Age (year) 45–50 18 (46.2) 9 (45.0) 9 (47.3) 15.38 .424
51–55 14 (35.9) 6 (30.0) 8 (42.2)
56–59 7 (17.9) 5 (25.0) 2 (10.5)
M±SD 51.79±4.33 52.35±5.35 51.21±3.47 0.81 .419
Husband’s age 45–50 10 (25.7) 5 (25.0) 5 (26.3) 20.05 .330
51–55 15 (38.4) 9 (45.0) 6 (31.6)
56–59 14 (35.9) 6 (30.0) 8 (42.1)
M±SD 54.23±5.03 54.40±5.57 54.05±4.55 0.21 .833
Monthly income (10,000 won) 100–199 8 (20.5) 2 (10.0) 6 (31.6) 6.08 .193
200–299 9 (23.1) 5 (25.0) 4 (21.0)
300–399 10 (25.6) 7 (35.0) 3 (15.8)
400–499 10 (25.6) 4 (20.0) 6 (31.6)
≥500 2 (5.1) 2 (10.0) 0 (0)
Education level Middle school 4 (9.8) 3 (15.0) 1 (4.8) 3.44 .179
High school 23 (48.8) 15 (75.0) 8 (38.1)
College 12 (41.5) 2 (10.0) 10 (57.1)
Marital satisfaction Unsatisfactory 5 (12.8) 2 (10.0) 3 (15.8) 0.46 .928
Normal 18 (46.2) 9 (45.0) 9 (47.4)
Satisfaction 14 (35.9) 8 (40.0) 6 (31.5)
Very satisfactory 2 (5.1) 1 (5.0) 1 (5.3)
Occupation Housewife 26 (66.7) 15 (75.0) 11 (57.8) 2.25 .521
Office worker 6 (15.4) 3 (15.0) 3 (15.8)
Technician 1 (2.6) 0 (0) 1 (5.3)
Professionals 6 (15.4) 2 (10.0) 4 (21.1)

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Fisher’s exact test.

Table 3.
Effects of Aging Care Program for Middle-aged Women (N=39)
Variables Groups Pretest 1st posttest 2nd posttest 1st posttest-pre 2nd posttest-pre Sources F p
M±SD M±SD M±SD M±SD t (p) M±SD t (p)
Resilience Experimental 3.50±0.39 4.01±0.32 3.87±0.43 0.50±0.44 5.08 (<.001) 0.36±0.49 3.29 (.004) G 21.01 <.001
Control 3.37±0.46 3.52±0.33 3.34±0.34 0.14±0.57 1.07 (.298) −0.02±0.59 −0.21 (.834) T 8.14 .001
G*T 3.70 .029
Self-regulation Experimental 3.52±0.49 4.03±0.40 3.90±0.59 0.51±0.59 3.90 (.001) 0.38±0.72 2.37 (.029) G 40.66 <.001
Control 3.30±0.57 3.27±0.53 3.08±0.50 −0.02±0.80 −1.73 (.982) −0.21±0.82 −1.14 (.266) T 6.35 .003
G*T 4.10 .020
Interpersonal relations Experimental 3.52±0.51 4.06±0.37 4.00±0.51 0.53±0.59 4.02 (.001) 0.47±0.50 4.17 (.001) G 10.34 .003
Control 3.51±0.42 3.59±0.31 3.48±0.49 0.08±0.51 0.68 (.500) −0.02±0.65 −0.17 (.864) T 6.87 .002
G*T 5.16 .008
Positivity Experimental 3.47±0.44 3.93±0.50 3.70±0.57 0.45±0.61 3.30 (.004) 0.22±0.71 1.40 (.177) G 3.66 .063
Control 3.31±0.64 3.69±0.49 3.48±0.41 0.38±0.82 2.03 (.057) 0.16±0.75 0.97 (.342) T 7.42 <.001
G*T 0.06 .946
Successful aging Experimental 2.45±0.53 3.00±0.42 3.03±0.31 0.56±0.53 4.23 (<.001) 0.47±0.66 4.14 (.001) G 52.99 <.001
Control 2.24±0.43 2.27±0.21 2.29±0.39 0.02±0.50 0.24 (.813) 0.04±0.57 0.34 (.733) T 7.62 .001
G*T 5.86 .004
Physical adaptation Experimental 2.22±0.71 3.00±0.51 2.98±0.47 0.77±0.68 5.00 (<.001) 0.75±0.87 3.86 (.001) G 65.89 <.001
Control 1.92±0.44 1.96±0.23 2.04±0.41 0.04±0.57 0.30 (.764) 0.12±0.63 0.85 (.406) T 10.16 <.001
G*T 6.67 .002
Psychological adaptation Experimental 2.58±0.57 3.17±0.42 3.24±0.40 0.56±0.71 3.67 (.002) 0.65±0.64 4.55 (<.001) ) G 29.09 <.001
Control 2.45±0.60 2.46±0.28 2.51±0.61 −0.00±0.66 0.03 (.997) 0.05±0.81 0.28 (.780) T 5.88 .004
G*T 4.84 .011
Adaptation to societal changes Experimental 2.77±0.59 3.07±0.55 3.09±0.39 0.30±0.76 1.78 (.091) 0.32±0.72 1.99 (.061) * G 21.95 <.001
Control 2.57±0.54 2.57±0.46 2.49±0.51 0.00±0.75 0.36 (.971) −0.08±0.75 −0.47 (.643) T 0.95 .390
G*T 1.56 .216
Adaptation to economic changes Experimental 2.13±0.77 2.37±0.70 2.51±0.71 0.23±0.98 1.08 (.293) 0.37±1.25 1.33 (.198) G 3.07 .088
Control 2.07±0.69 2.18±0.47 2.11±0.66 0.10±0.80 0.57 (.576) 0.03±0.99 0.17 (.864) T 1.01 .369
G*T 0.58 .558

* G*T=Group*Time; 1st posttest=immediately after the end of the 10th program; 2nd posttest=4 weeks after the program.

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