Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth of Gynecologic Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Sun Jeong Yun; Hye Young Kim

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.4.409

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Yun and Kim: Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth of Gynecologic Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2019;25(4):409-422.

Published online: 19 December 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.4.409

Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth of Gynecologic Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Sun Jeong Yun¹, Hye Young Kim²

¹Doctoral Course Student, College of Nursing Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea

²Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding author: Hye Young Kim College of Nursing, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea. Fax: +82-53-258-7616 E-mail: hye11533@kmu.ac.kr

Received 17 October 20192 November 2019 Accepted 8 November 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors impacting the posttraumatic growth (PTG) factors during chemotherapy in gynecologic oncology patients.

Method

The data were collected at six hospitals at a university hospital, general hospital, wom-en’s hospital, and 3 oncology hospitals in D metropolitan city. The participants of the study were 135 female patients undergoing chemotherapy for their gynecologic oncology. To identify the factors that influence PTG, we used the questionnaires for the family support, sexual distress, health promoting behavior, and PTG.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between family support and health promoting behavior and PTG. There was significant negative correlation between sexual distress and PTG. Factors impacting the PTG of gynecologic oncology women undergoing chemotherapy were age, recurrence, family support, sexual distress, and health promoting behavior. These factors accounted for 47.0% of PTG.

Conclusion

It is necessary to develop and apply programs that include sexual distress management education, and health promotion with families. PTG programs for gynecologic oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy should be approached considering these results.

Keywords: Posttraumatic growth, Health promotion, Sex, Oncology nursing

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Table 1.

Characteristics of the Subject (N=125)

Characteristics	Categories	n(%)	M±SD
General characteristics
Age (year)	<30	5 (4.0)	49.29±0.89
	30–39	17 (13.6)
	40–49	40 (32.0)
	50–59	44 (35.2)
	≥60	19 (15.2)
Religion	Christianity	19 (15.2)
	Buddhism	38 (30.4)
	Catholicism	27 (21.6)
	None	41 (32.8)
Family living together	Yes	84 (67.2)
	No	41 (32.8)
Level of education	≤Middle school	14 (11.2)
	High school	52 (41.6)
	≥University	59 (47.2)
Number of pregnancy	0	17 (13.6)	2.11±0.06
	1–2	82 (65.6)
	3–4	21 (16.8)
	≥5	5 (4.0)
Number of deliveries	0	19 (15.2)	2.01±0.05
	1–2	89 (71.2)
	3–4	1 (10.4)
	≥5	4 (3.2)
Disease-related characteristics
Site of cancer	Cervix	40 (32.0)
	Ovary	55 (44.0)
	Endometrium	25 (20.0)
	Vulva	3 (2.4)
	Vagina	2 (1.6)
Cancer staging	1	35 (28.0)
	2	46 (36.8)
	3	37 (29.6)
	4	7 (5.6)
Recurrence	Yes	33 (26.4)
	No	92 (73.6)
Metastasis	Yes	47 (37.6)
	No	78 (62.4)
Elapsed period after diagnosis (year)	<1	84 (67.2)	11.56±0.73
	1–2	31 (24.8)
	≥3	10 (8.0)
Number of total chemotherapy	<6	47 (37.6)	6.30±0.31
	6–11	69 (55.2)
	≥12	9 (7.2)

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 2.

Family Support, Sexual Distress, Health Promoting Behaviors, and Posttraumatic Growth (N=125)

Variables	Min	Max	Range	M±SD
Family support	1.27	5.00	1–5	3.83±0.54
Sexual distress	1.00	3.74	1–4	2.28±0.07
Health promotion behavior	1.58	3.72	1–4	2.43±0.28
Nutrition	1.10	3.50	1–4	2.12±0.04
Exercise	1.00	4.00	1–4	2.52±0.04
Stress care	1.00	4.00	1–4	2.63±0.42
Personal relations	1.40	4.00	1–4	2.63±0.04
Health responsibility	1.40	4.00	1–4	3.56±0.44
Self-realization	1.17	4.00	1–4	2.56±0.43
Posttraumatic growth	1.74	4.96	1–5	3.42±0.49
New possibility	1.33	5.00	1–5	3.23±0.66
Coping skills	1.80	5.00	1–5	3.43±0.05
Preciousness of life	1.40	5.00	1–5	3.76±0.54
Human relationship	1.00	5.00	1–5	3.37±0.54
Personal strengths	1.67	5.00	1–5	3.26±0.05

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.

Posttraumatic Growth Differences according to the Characteristics of the Subjects (N=125)

Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p	Scheffé
General characteristics
Age (year)	<30^a	3.56±0.42	2.68	.035	a>e
	30–39^b	3.49±0.45
	40–49^c	3.59±0.61
	50–59^d	3.34±0.50
	≥60^e	3.14±0.54
Religion	Christianity	3.28±0.60	0.51	.671
	Buddhism	3.43±0.61
	Catholicism	3.48±0.43
	No	3.44±0.54
Family living together	Yes	3.47±0.58	1.34	.181
	No	3.33±0.45
Level of education	≤Middle school^a	3.05±0.61	3.86	.024	c>a
	High school^b	3.46±0.51
	≥University^c	3.48±0.54
Number of pregnancy	No	3.42±0.55	1.63	.184
	1–2	3.45±0.54
3–4	3.43±0.54
≥5	2.90±0.59
Number of deliveries	No	3.42±0.52	1.03	.380
	1–2	3.43±0.55
	3–4	3.51±0.53
≥5	2.97±0.66
Disease-related characteristics
Diagnosis (cancer)	Cervical	3.53±0.56	1.13	.343
	Ovarian	3.35±0.54
	Endometrial	3.44±0.48
	Vulvar	3.57±0.98
Vaginal	2.89±0.40
Cancer staging	1	3.62±0.60	2.28	.082
	2	3.35±0.48
	3	3.33±0.56
	4	3.34±0.38
Recurrence	Yes	3.21±0.50	−2.63	.010
	No	3.50±0.54
Metastasis	Yes	3.36±055	−1.05	.294
	No	3.46±0.54
Elapsed period after diagnosis (year)	<1	3.48±0.51	1.47	.234
	1–2	3.28±0.50
	≥3	3.39±0.85
Number of total chemotherapy	<6	3.38±0.62	0.35	.704
	6–11	3.46±0.48
	≥12	3.34±0.65

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 4.

Correlations among Family Support, Sexual Distress, Health Promoting Behaviors, and Posttraumatic Growth (N=125)

Variables	Family support	Sexual distress	Health promoting behaviors	Posttraumatic growth
	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Family support	1
Sexual distress	.04 (.629)	1
Health promoting behaviors	.35 (<.001)	.17 (.48)	1
Posttraumatic growth	.42 (<.001)	−.26 (.003)	.59 (<.001)	1

Table 5.

Factors Affecting the Posttraumatic Growth of the Subject (N=125)

Variables	Model 1				Model 2
Variables	B	β	t	p	B	β	t	p
Age (year)	−.07	−.15	−1.48	.141	−.05	−.10	−1.25	.211
Level of education
≤Middle school^†	−.41	−.24	−2.63	.111	−.24	−.14	−1.74	.084
High school^†	−.02	−.02	−0.25	.803	−.05	−.05	−0.66	.511
Recurrence (yes)^†	−.25	.10	−2.37	.019	−.18	−.15	−2.21	.029
Family support					.27	.29	3.96	<.001
Sexual distress					−.49	−.41	−5.89	<.001
Health promotion behavior					.55	.58	7.73	<.001
R²	.107				.488
Adj.R²	.084				.462
F (p)	4.74 (.004)				18.42 (<.001)

β=standardized coefficients; Adj.R²=adjusted coefficient of determination R².

^† Criterion variable: Level of education (university), Recurrence (no).

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