Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.25(4) > 1139372

Yun and Kim: Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth of Gynecologic Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors impacting the posttraumatic growth (PTG) factors during chemotherapy in gynecologic oncology patients.

Method

The data were collected at six hospitals at a university hospital, general hospital, wom-en’s hospital, and 3 oncology hospitals in D metropolitan city. The participants of the study were 135 female patients undergoing chemotherapy for their gynecologic oncology. To identify the factors that influence PTG, we used the questionnaires for the family support, sexual distress, health promoting behavior, and PTG.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between family support and health promoting behavior and PTG. There was significant negative correlation between sexual distress and PTG. Factors impacting the PTG of gynecologic oncology women undergoing chemotherapy were age, recurrence, family support, sexual distress, and health promoting behavior. These factors accounted for 47.0% of PTG.

Conclusion

It is necessary to develop and apply programs that include sexual distress management education, and health promotion with families. PTG programs for gynecologic oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy should be approached considering these results.

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Table 1.
Characteristics of the Subject (N=125)
Characteristics Categories n(%) M±SD
General characteristics
Age (year) <30 5 (4.0) 49.29±0.89
30–39 17 (13.6)
40–49 40 (32.0)
50–59 44 (35.2)
≥60 19 (15.2)
Religion Christianity 19 (15.2)
Buddhism 38 (30.4)
Catholicism 27 (21.6)
None 41 (32.8)
Family living together Yes 84 (67.2)
No 41 (32.8)
Level of education ≤Middle school 14 (11.2)
High school 52 (41.6)
≥University 59 (47.2)
Number of pregnancy 0 17 (13.6) 2.11±0.06
1–2 82 (65.6)
3–4 21 (16.8)
≥5 5 (4.0)
Number of deliveries 0 19 (15.2) 2.01±0.05
1–2 89 (71.2)
3–4 1 (10.4)
≥5 4 (3.2)
Disease-related characteristics
Site of cancer Cervix 40 (32.0)
Ovary 55 (44.0)
Endometrium 25 (20.0)
Vulva 3 (2.4)
Vagina 2 (1.6)
Cancer staging 1 35 (28.0)
2 46 (36.8)
3 37 (29.6)
4 7 (5.6)
Recurrence Yes 33 (26.4)
No 92 (73.6)
Metastasis Yes 47 (37.6)
No 78 (62.4)
Elapsed period after diagnosis (year) <1 84 (67.2) 11.56±0.73
1–2 31 (24.8)
≥3 10 (8.0)
Number of total chemotherapy <6 47 (37.6) 6.30±0.31
6–11 69 (55.2)
≥12 9 (7.2)

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 2.
Family Support, Sexual Distress, Health Promoting Behaviors, and Posttraumatic Growth (N=125)
Variables Min Max Range M±SD
Family support 1.27 5.00 1–5 3.83±0.54
Sexual distress 1.00 3.74 1–4 2.28±0.07
Health promotion behavior 1.58 3.72 1–4 2.43±0.28
Nutrition 1.10 3.50 1–4 2.12±0.04
Exercise 1.00 4.00 1–4 2.52±0.04
Stress care 1.00 4.00 1–4 2.63±0.42
Personal relations 1.40 4.00 1–4 2.63±0.04
Health responsibility 1.40 4.00 1–4 3.56±0.44
Self-realization 1.17 4.00 1–4 2.56±0.43
Posttraumatic growth 1.74 4.96 1–5 3.42±0.49
New possibility 1.33 5.00 1–5 3.23±0.66
Coping skills 1.80 5.00 1–5 3.43±0.05
Preciousness of life 1.40 5.00 1–5 3.76±0.54
Human relationship 1.00 5.00 1–5 3.37±0.54
Personal strengths 1.67 5.00 1–5 3.26±0.05

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.
Posttraumatic Growth Differences according to the Characteristics of the Subjects (N=125)
Characteristics Categories M±SD t or F p Scheffé
General characteristics
Age (year) <30a 3.56±0.42 2.68 .035 a>e
30–39b 3.49±0.45
40–49c 3.59±0.61
50–59d 3.34±0.50
≥60e 3.14±0.54
Religion Christianity 3.28±0.60 0.51 .671
Buddhism 3.43±0.61
Catholicism 3.48±0.43
No 3.44±0.54
Family living together Yes 3.47±0.58 1.34 .181
No 3.33±0.45
Level of education ≤Middle schoola 3.05±0.61 3.86 .024 c>a
High schoolb 3.46±0.51
≥Universityc 3.48±0.54
Number of pregnancy No 3.42±0.55 1.63 .184
1–2 3.45±0.54
3–4 3.43±0.54
≥5 2.90±0.59
Number of deliveries No 3.42±0.52 1.03 .380
1–2 3.43±0.55
3–4 3.51±0.53
≥5 2.97±0.66
Disease-related characteristics
Diagnosis (cancer) Cervical 3.53±0.56 1.13 .343
Ovarian 3.35±0.54
Endometrial 3.44±0.48
Vulvar 3.57±0.98
Vaginal 2.89±0.40
Cancer staging 1 3.62±0.60 2.28 .082
2 3.35±0.48
3 3.33±0.56
4 3.34±0.38
Recurrence Yes 3.21±0.50 −2.63 .010
No 3.50±0.54
Metastasis Yes 3.36±055 −1.05 .294
No 3.46±0.54
Elapsed period after diagnosis (year) <1 3.48±0.51 1.47 .234
1–2 3.28±0.50
≥3 3.39±0.85
Number of total chemotherapy <6 3.38±0.62 0.35 .704
6–11 3.46±0.48
≥12 3.34±0.65

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 4.
Correlations among Family Support, Sexual Distress, Health Promoting Behaviors, and Posttraumatic Growth (N=125)
Variables Family support Sexual distress Health promoting behaviors Posttraumatic growth
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Family support 1
Sexual distress .04 (.629) 1
Health promoting behaviors .35 (<.001) .17 (.48) 1
Posttraumatic growth .42 (<.001) −.26 (.003) .59 (<.001) 1
Table 5.
Factors Affecting the Posttraumatic Growth of the Subject (N=125)
Variables Model 1 Model 2
B β t p B β t p
Age (year) −.07 −.15 −1.48 .141 −.05 −.10 −1.25 .211
Level of education
≤Middle school −.41 −.24 −2.63 .111 −.24 −.14 −1.74 .084
High school −.02 −.02 −0.25 .803 −.05 −.05 −0.66 .511
Recurrence (yes) −.25 .10 −2.37 .019 −.18 −.15 −2.21 .029
Family support .27 .29 3.96 <.001
Sexual distress −.49 −.41 −5.89 <.001
Health promotion behavior .55 .58 7.73 <.001
R2 .107 .488
Adj.R2 .084 .462
F (p) 4.74 (.004) 18.42 (<.001)

β=standardized coefficients; Adj.R2=adjusted coefficient of determination R2.

Criterion variable: Level of education (university), Recurrence (no).

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