Comparing the Effectiveness of Olfactory Training, According as Type and Preference of Odorant

Dong Young Kim; Jung Ho Ha; Ju Ho Lee; Hyun Jun Kim; Do-Yang Park

doi:10.18787/jr.2019.26.2.92

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Kim, Ha, Lee, Kim, and Park: Comparing the Effectiveness of Olfactory Training, According as Type and Preference of Odorant

Original Article

Journal of Rhinology 2019; 26(2): 92-98.

Published online: 30 November 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18787/jr.2019.26.2.92

Comparing the Effectiveness of Olfactory Training, According as Type and Preference of Odorant

Dong Young Kim, MD, Jung Ho Ha, MD, Ju Ho Lee, MD, Hyun Jun Kim, MD, PhD, Do-Yang Park, MD

Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Corresponding author (entdyp@ajou.ac.kr)

Received 24 October 2018 Revised 17 December 2018 Accepted 13 February 2019

Journal of Rhinology

Abstract

Background and Objectives

Recently, the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction has increased with pollution and population adequate. Treatment by olfactory training has been suggested as an alternative method, but there is no protocol for olfactory training with odorants familiar to Koreans. Also, no studies have analyzed the effects of individual preference in terms of personalized medicine. This study compared the effectiveness of olfactory training according to patient odor preference.

Materials and Methods

The prospective study was performed in patients with olfactory dysfunction and used 8 total odorants. After a survey of preference for the odorants, patients were divided into two groups, one group performed olfactory training with 3 preferred odorants, whereas the other group performed training with odorants they did not prefer. Also, the effects of olfactory training in the two groups were compared by KVSS threshold, discrimination, identification score, and subjective VAS score of olfaction. Olfactory testing was performed before and after training for 4 and 12 weeks.

Results

There was no demographic difference between the two groups. After olfactory training, the preference group showed statistically significant improvement in threshold, identification, TDI score, and VAS score. Conversely, there was no significant change of olfactory function in the non-preference group.

Conclusion

Thus, we conclude that odorants of olfactory training should be applied depending on cultural preferences, and that the preferred odorants of each individual patient will have a greater therapeutic effect on olfactory dysfunction compared to non-preferred odorants.

Keywords: Olfaction dysfunction, Treatment, Olfactory training, Preference

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Total 52 patients were enrolled. At second visit (V2), 15 patients were remained in preference group (A), 13 patients were remained in non-preference group (B). At final visit (V3) 10 and 6 patients were remained in each groups.

Fig. 2

Difference trend of individual TDI score in Preference & Nonpreference groups.

Fig. 3

Difference trend of individual VAS score in Preference & Non-preference groups.

Fig. 4

Negative relationship between Duration of PIOD & Improvement of Olfactory function.

Table 1

Demographics of study groups

Table 2

Difference of TDI score between Preference & Non-preference group after olfactory training

Table 3

Difference of VAS score between Preference & Non-preference group after olfactory training

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2017R1C1B1007454).

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