1. Massaro C, Rotolo P, De Riccardis F, Milella E, Napoli A, Wieland M, et al. Comparative investigation of the surface properties of commercial titanium dental implants. Part I: chemical composition. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2002; 13:535–548.
2. Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Oral implant surfaces: Part 2--review focusing on clinical knowledge of different surfaces. Int J Prosthodont. 2004; 17:544–564.
3. Esposito M, Coulthard P, Thomsen P, Worthington HV. The role of implant surface modifications, shape and material on the success of osseointegrated dental implants. A Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2005; 13:15–31.
4. Puleo DA, Thomas MV. Implant surfaces. Dent Clin North Am. 2006; 50:323–338. v
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
5. Le Guéhennec L, Soueidan A, Layrolle P, Amouriq Y. Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration. Dent Mater. 2007; 23:844–854.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
6. Morton D, Bornstein MM, Wittneben JG, Martin WC, Ruskin JD, Hart CN, et al. Early loading after 21 days of healing of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sandblasted and acid-etched surface: two-year results of a prospective two-center study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2010; 12:9–17.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
7. Li D, Ferguson SJ, Beutler T, Cochran DL, Sittig C, Hirt HP, et al. Biomechanical comparison of the sandblasted and acid-etched and the machined and acid-etched titanium surface for dental implants. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002; 60:325–332.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
8. Lang NP, Salvi GE, Huynh-Ba G, Ivanovski S, Donos N, Bosshardt DD. Early osseointegration to hydrophilic and hydrophobic implant surfaces in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011; 22:349–356.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
9. Gittens RA, Scheideler L, Rupp F, Hyzy SL, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Schwartz Z, et al. A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces II: biological and clinical aspects. Acta Biomater. 2014; 10:2907–2918.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
10. Buser D, Broggini N, Wieland M, Schenk RK, Denzer AJ, Cochran DL, et al. Enhanced bone apposition to a chemically modified SLA titanium surface. J Dent Res. 2004; 83:529–533.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
11. Scarano A, Piattelli A, Quaranta A, Lorusso F. Bone response to two dental implants with different sandblasted/acid-etched implant surfaces: a histological and histomorphometrical study in rabbits. BioMed Res Int. 2017; 2017:8724951.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
12. Soares PB, Moura CC, da Rocha Júnior HA, Dechichi P, Zanetta-Barbosa D. Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2015; 44:195–199.
13. Martin JY, Schwartz Z, Hummert TW, Schraub DM, Simpson J, Lankford J Jr, et al. Effect of titanium surface roughness on proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63). J Biomed Mater Res. 1995; 29:389–401.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
14. Eriksson C, Nygren H, Ohlson K. Implantation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic titanium discs in rat tibia: cellular reactions on the surfaces during the first 3 weeks in bone. Biomaterials. 2004; 25:4759–4766.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
15. Hong J, Kurt S, Thor A. A hydrophilic dental implant surface exhibits thrombogenic properties
in vitro
. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013; 15:105–112.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
16. Di Iorio D, Traini T, Degidi M, Caputi S, Neugebauer J, Piattelli A. Quantitative evaluation of the fibrin clot extension on different implant surfaces: an in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005; 74:636–642.
17. Kohn DH, Sarmadi M, Helman JI, Krebsbach PH. Effects of pH on human bone marrow stromal cells
in vitro: implications for tissue engineering of bone. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002; 60:292–299.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
18. Arnett TR. Extracellular pH regulates bone cell function. J Nutr. 2008; 138:415S–8S.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
19. Kaysinger KK, Ramp WK. Extracellular pH modulates the activity of cultured human osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem. 1998; 68:83–89.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
20. Marumo M, Suehiro A, Kakishita E, Groschner K, Wakabayashi I. Extracellular pH affects platelet aggregation associated with modulation of store-operated Ca
2+ entry. Thromb Res. 2001; 104:353–360.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
21. Engvall E. Enzyme immunoassay ELISA and EMIT. Methods Enzymol. 1980; 70:419–439.
22. Jung K, Pergande M. Influence of inorganic phosphate on the activity determination of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in various buffer systems. Clin Chim Acta. 1980; 102:215–219.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
23. Harada M, Hiraoka BY, Fukasawa K, Fukasawa KM. Purification and properties of bovine dental-pulp alkaline-phosphatase. Arch Oral Biol. 1982; 27:69–74.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
24. Jones JV, Mansour M, James H, Sadi D, Carr RI. A substrate amplification system for enzyme-linked immunoassays. II. Demonstration of its applicability for measuring anti-DNA antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 1989; 118:79–84.
25. Rausch-fan X, Qu Z, Wieland M, Matejka M, Schedle A. Differentiation and cytokine synthesis of human alveolar osteoblasts compared to osteoblast-like cells (MG63) in response to titanium surfaces. Dent Mater. 2008; 24:102–110.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
26. Valarmathi MT, Yost MJ, Goodwin RL, Potts JD. The influence of proepicardial cells on the osteogenic potential of marrow stromal cells in a three-dimensional tubular scaffold. Biomaterials. 2008; 29:2203–2216.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
27. Sudo H, Kodama HA, Amagai Y, Yamamoto S, Kasai S.
In vitro differentiation and calcification in a new clonal osteogenic cell line derived from newborn mouse calvaria. J Cell Biol. 1983; 96:191–198.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
28. Gregory CA, Gunn WG, Peister A, Prockop DJ. An Alizarin red-based assay of mineralization by adherent cells in culture: comparison with cetylpyridinium chloride extraction. Anal Biochem. 2004; 329:77–84.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
29. Malladi P, Xu Y, Chiou M, Giaccia AJ, Longaker MT. Effect of reduced oxygen tension on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006; 290:C1139–46.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
30. Kanthan SR, Kavitha G, Addi S, Choon DS, Kamarul T. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances bone healing in non-united critical-sized defects: a preliminary study involving rabbit models. Injury. 2011; 42:782–789.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
31. Tamada Y, Kulik EA, Ikada Y. Simple method for platelet counting. Biomaterials. 1995; 16:259–261.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
32. Grunkemeier JM, Tsai WB, Horbett TA. Hemocompatibility of treated polystyrene substrates: contact activation, platelet adhesion, and procoagulant activity of adherent platelets. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998; 41:657–670.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
33. Park JY, Davies JE. Red blood cell and platelet interactions with titanium implant surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000; 11:530–539.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
34. Klein MO, Grötz KA, Walter C, Wegener J, Wagner W, Al-Nawas B. Functional rehabilitation of mandibular continuity defects using autologous bone and dental implants - prognostic value of bone origin, radiation therapy and implant dimensions. Eur Surg Res. 2009; 43:269–275.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
35. Justus CR, Leffler N, Ruiz-Echevarria M, Yang LV.
In vitro cell migration and invasion assays. J Vis Exp. 2014; 51046.