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Han, Oh, and Song: Comparison of Lower Extremity Muscle Function and Proprioception According to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Taekwondo Demonstration Players
Clinical Article
Sports Science

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2019; 37(4): 171-177.

Published online: 6 December 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2019.37.4.171

Comparison of Lower Extremity Muscle Function and Proprioception According to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Taekwondo Demonstration Players

Sang Il Han, Jae Keun Oh, Ki Jae Song

Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence: Ki Jae Song. Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjae-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05541, Korea. jordanforever@hanmail.net

Received 24 September 2019       Revised 24 October 2019       Accepted 31 October 2019

Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Sports Medicine

The Korean Society of Sports Medicine

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for injury prevention and rehabilitation program development of Taekwondo demonstration team by comparing lower extremity muscles function and proprioceptive senses of Taekwondo demonstration team with or without anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The subjects were ACL injured Taekwondo demonstration player group (ATD, n=13) who underwent ACL reconstruction and Kukkiwon Taekwondo demonstration player group (KTD, n=13) without injury history.

Methods

To evaluate the lower extremity muscles function, we measured the flexor-extensor muscle strength ratio and isokinetic muscle strength of the knee joint using a isokinetic muscle strength measuring device. In order to investigate the proprioceptive sensory function, position sense, and threshold to detection of passive motion was using a isokinetic muscle strength measuring device. The experiment was conducted on average 26 months after surgery.

Results

The results of this study are as follows. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the knee joint flexor-extensor ratio. But there was a significant difference in Knee joint flexion and extension strength between two groups at an angular velocity of 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 300°/sec. and KTD group was higher than ATD groups (p=0.014, p=0.001, p=0.029, p=0.005, p=0.043, p=0.041, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the proprioceptive sensory test.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the normal flexor to extensor ratio (50%–70%), But it was close to the injury risk level. Therefore, the training program for the improvement of the muscle strength and the imbalance of the strength of the lower extremity muscle function should be performed in both groups.

Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament, Lower extremity function, Proprioception, Taekwondo

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Physical characteristics of subjects

kjsm-37-171-i001

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

SMM: skeletal muscle mass, BMI: body mass index, %BF: percent body fat, ATD: anterior cruciate ligament injured Taekwondo demonstration player, KTD: Kukkiwon Taekwondo demonstration player.

Table 2

Difference in the ratio of the muscle strength of the knee

kjsm-37-171-i002

SD: standard deviation, ATD: anterior cruciate ligament injured Taekwondo demonstration player, KTD: Kukkiwon Taekwondo demonstration player.

Table 3

Difference in the peak torque of the knee extension-flexion muscle strength between groups

kjsm-37-171-i003

SD: standard deviation, Flx: flexor, Ex: extensor, ATD: anterior cruciate ligament injured Taekwondo demonstration player, KTD: Kukkiwon Taekwondo demonstration player.

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Table 4

Difference in the total work of the knee extension-flexion muscle strength between groups

kjsm-37-171-i004

SD: standard deviation, Flx: flexor, Ex: extensor, ATD: anterior cruciate ligament injured Taekwondo demonstration player, KTD: Kukkiwon Taekwondo demonstration player.

*p<0.05, **p<0.01.

Table 5

Difference of the joint position sense between groups

kjsm-37-171-i005

SD: standard deviation, AJPS: active joint position sense, ATD: anterior cruciate ligament injured Taekwondo demonstration player, KTD: Kukkiwon Taekwondo demonstration player, PJPS: passive joint position sense.

Table 6

Difference of the threshold to detection of passive motion between groups

kjsm-37-171-i006

SD: standard deviation, ATD: anterior cruciate ligament injured Taekwondo demonstration player, KTD: Kukkiwon Taekwondo demonstration player.

Acknowledgements

This study was modified and supplemented by Sang Il Han's master's thesis.

Notes

Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

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ORCID iDs

Sang Il Han
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-3637

Jae Keun Oh
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-2661

Ki Jae Song
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1910-0277

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