Child Abuse in Psychiatrist's Perspective

Hyoung Yoon Chang

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2019.58.4.277

Journal List > J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc > v.58(4) > 1138955

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Chang: Child Abuse in Psychiatrist's Perspective

Special Article

Evaluation and Prevention of Physical and Mental Sequelae in Victims of Violence

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2019; 58(4): 277-283.

Published online: 30 November 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2019.58.4.277

Child Abuse in Psychiatrist's Perspective

Hyoung Yoon Chang, MD, PhD, MPH^1,²

¹Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

²Sunflower Center of Southern Gyeonggi for Women and Children Victims of Violence, Suwon, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Hyoung Yoon Chang, MD, PhD, MPH. Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea. Tel +82-31-217-9117, Fax +82-31-217-5198, hyoungyoon@ajou.ac.kr

Received 11 October 2019 Revised 23 October 2019 Accepted 4 November 2019

Korean Neuropsychiatric Association

Abstract

Child abuse is a serious public health problem that can lead to compromised development, various psychopathologies, and subsequent health morbidities. In 2014, mandatory reporting of child abuse by physicians was enacted, but the rate of child abuse reporting by physicians remains low. Abuse victims exhibit several psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder, but there are claims that the existing diagnostic criteria do not cover all of the symptoms these victims may present. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder is a newly proposed diagnosis for those who have experienced long-term repeated interpersonal trauma in their childhood or adolescence. There are several evidence-based treatment options for children and adolescents who have experienced abuse. Psychiatrists are encouraged to increase their knowledge of the nature and characteristics of child abuse, its psychological consequences, the associated legal considerations, and the related social resources.

Keywords: Child abuse, Child physical abuse, Child emotional abuse, Child sexual abuse, Neglect

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Description of complex post-traumatic stress disorder in international classification of diseases-11

PTSD : Post-traumatic stress disorder

Notes

^{Conflicts of Interest} The author has no financial conflicts of interest.

References

1. Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Child Protection Agency. Child abuse & neglect Korea 2018. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2019.

2. Zeanah CH, Humphreys KL. Child abuse and neglect. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018; 57:637–644.

3. The National Law Information Center. Child Welfare Act. cited 2019 Nov 4. Available from: http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=206676&efYd=20190716#0000.

4. Korea1391.go.kr [homepage on the Internet]. Seoul: National Child Protection Agency;cited 2019 Nov 4. Available from: http://www.korea1391.go.kr/new/.

5. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 2018 National Survey on Children. [online]. 2019. 09. 30. cited 2019 Nov 4. Available from: http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/jb/sjb030301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=03&MENU_ID=032901&CONT_SEQ=350493.

6. Korea Women's Development Institute. 2016 The domestic violence survey. Seoul: Ministry of Gender Equality and Family;2016.

7. Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, Women's Human Rights Institute of Korea. 2016 Annual report of Sunflower Center. Seoul: Women's Human Rights Institute of Korea;2017.

8. Kim HS, Lee BW, Choi YS, Jung KH. Issues in the statistics on child abuse and neglect fatalities based on the review of autopsy report from the National Forensic Service. Korean Criminol Rev. 2019; 30:229–263.

9. Vachon DD, Krueger RF, Rogosch FA, Cicchetti D. Assessment of the harmful psychiatric and behavioral effects of different forms of child maltreatment. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72:1135–1142.

10. Turner HA, Shattuck A, Finkelhor D, Hamby S. Polyvictimization and youth violence exposure across contexts. J Adolesc Health. 2016; 58:208–214.

11. Finkelhor D, Turner H. National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence I, 1990–2008 [United States]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research;2016.

12. Jenny C. Child abuse and neglect : diagnosis, treatment, and evidence. Canada: Elsevier, Inc.;2010.

13. Lippard ETC, Nemeroff CB. The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2019; appi.ajp.2019.19010020.

14. Ha JH, Lim SH, Joe SH. Study on mental disorders in abused children. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2015; 54:542–548.

15. Burns BJ, Phillips SD, Wagner HR, Barth RP, Kolko DJ, Campbell Y, et al. Mental health need and access to mental health services by youths involved with child welfare: a national survey. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004; 43:960–970.

16. Bryant RA. Post-traumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-art review of evidence and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2019; 18:259–269.

17. American Psychiatry Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition: DSM-5. Arlington, VA: American Psychaitry Association;2013.

18. Herman JL. Trauma and Recovery: The aftermath of violence-from domestic abuse to political terror. New York, NY: Basic Books;2015.

19. van der Kolk BA. Developmental trauma disorder: toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric Annals. 2005; 35:401–408.

20. Vonderlin R, Kleindienst N, Alpers GW, Bohus M, Lyssenko L, Schmahl C. Dissociation in victims of childhood abuse or neglect: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Med. 2018; 48:2467–2476.

21. Myers J. The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.;2011.

22. Seoul Bar Association. 2017 Child Abuse Legal Support Manual. Seoul: Seoul Bar Association;2017.

23. The National Law Information Center. Enforcement Decree of the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc. of Child Abuse Crimes. cited 2019 Nov 4. Available from: http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=206678&efYd=20190716#0000.

24. Paek SH, Jung JH, Kwak YH, Kim DK, Ryu JM, Noh H, et al. Development of screening tool for child abuse in the korean emergency department: using modified Delphi study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97:e13724.

25. Pears KC, Kim HK, Fisher PA. Psychosocial and cognitive functioning of children with specific profiles of maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl. 2008; 32:958–971.

26. Cohen JA, Mannarino AP, Deblinger E. Trauma-focused CBT for children and adolescents: treatment applications. New York, NY: The Guilford Press;2012.

27. tfcbt2.musc.edu [homepage on the Internet]. Charleston, SC: Medical University of South Carolina;cited 2019 Nov 4. Available from: https://tfcbt2.musc.edu/.

28. McNeil CB, Hembree-Kigin TL. Parent-child interaction therapy. New York, NY: Springer;2011.

29. Thomas R, Abell B, Webb HJ, Avdagic E, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. Parent-child interaction therapy: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2017; 140.

30. Lieberman AF, Ghosh Ippen C, Van Horn P. Don't hit my mommy! A manual for child-parent psychotherapy with young children exposed to violence and other trauma. Washington, DC: Zero to Three;2015.

31. Hagan MJ, Browne DT, Sulik M, Ippen CG, Bush N, Lieberman AF. Parent and child trauma symptoms during child-parent psychotherapy: a prospective cohort study of dyadic change. J Trauma Stress. 2017; 30:690–697.

32. Lieberman AF, Ghosh Ippen C, VAN Horn P. Child-parent psychotherapy: 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006; 45:913–918.

33. Courtois CA, Ford JD. Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: an evidence-based guide. New York, NY: The Guilford Press;2009.

34. Stanley B, Brown GK. Safety planning intervention: a brief intervention to mitigate suicide risk. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2012; 19:256–264.

35. Yang SJ, Kim SY, Kim WJ, Kim HW, Kim JM, Kim SW, et al. Requests for child abuse education in medical school curricula. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008; 19:38–42.

TOOLS

Similar articles