Barium Enema study for colon examination is of great importance in the health care of our people and its valuecan be increased by a wide understanding of the attendant difficulties and limitation. Since the incidence of thecolon and rectal carcinoma is increasing, the barium enema examination is more valuable. Radiologically diagnosed134 cases of colon and rectal carcinoma from Jan. 1964 to June 1970 have been reviewed at Yonsei Univ., College ofMedicine. Among the total admission during these years, the ratio of the colon and rectal carcinoma was 0.29percent, and the incidence among barium enema examinations was 5.3%. The peak age range was between 40 and 50years. The average age of the patients was 46 years. It was more common in male. The clinical picture was rathervague in some cases, especially in the lesions of right colon. The large number of cases has bowel habit change,tarry or bloody stool and abdominal pain. About 60% of the lesions were located in rectum and 40% was in proximalportion from the rectum, which could not be completely diagnosed only by digital examination andproctosigmoidoscopy. On roentgenogram, the most common form was encircling type. next was fungating. Thepositivity for accuracy of the barium enema examination was 90%. Majority of cancers of the colon, particularythose that produce symptoms are relatively gross lesions. In daily practise we have to eager to find out smalllesions by repeat and complete barium enema examination, including double contrast study. Early diagnosis is anaid immediate, logical objectives in attempts to decrease the morbidity and mortality from carcinoma of colon.