Osteometric Analysis of Palatal Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Miniscrew Placement

Sun-Kyoung Yu; Yonghwa Cho; Heung-Joong Kim; Jin Woong Lim

doi:10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.93

Journal List > Anat Biol Anthropol > v.32(3) > 1137297

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Yu, Cho, Kim, and Lim: Osteometric Analysis of Palatal Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Miniscrew Placement

Original Article

Anat Biol Anthropol 2019;32(3):93-99.

Published online: 20 January 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.93

Osteometric Analysis of Palatal Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Miniscrew Placement

Sun-Kyoung Yu¹, Yonghwa Cho¹, Heung-Joong Kim¹, Jin Woong Lim¹

¹Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Chosun University

Received 29 August 2019 Revised 18 September 2019 Accepted 20 September 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Orthodontic miniscrews have been widely used in various areas, because they are stable, easy to use, and inexpensive. Therefore, the aims of this study are to measure the palatal bone thickness, to analysis the correlation between the size of the alveolar arch and palatal bone thickness, and to discuss the skeletal structure of the hard palate for miniscrew placement. Twenty-four dry skulls in Koreans were used. The three different horizontal reference lines were established at first premolar and second premolar, between second premolar and first molar, and first molar. And then, a total of 12 points were set up in relation to each horizontal reference line by drawing a vertical reference line perpendicular to central incisor, between central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor, between lateral incisor and canine. At each point, the palatal bone thickness, the width and length of the alveolar arch, and the width and length of the incisive foramen were measured directly with the bone caliper and the digital caliper. The correlation between the width and the length of alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness was analyzed. The mean of palatal bone thickness based on the horizontal reference line was 11.4±3.2 mm in between first premolar and second premolar, 7.4±2.4 mm in between second premolar and first molar, and 5.2±1.5 mm in first molar, decreased posteriorly with statistically significant difference. The position between first premolar and second premolar showed a constant thickness, and thickened laterally from the median palatal suture due to the alveolar process, but no statistically significant difference. At the position between second premolar and first molar and the position in first molar, it were also constant, then became significantly thicker toward point between lateral incisor and canine due to the alveolar process and the palatal spine. The width of the alveolar arch was correlated with the length of the alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness of between first premolar

and second premolar, but not with the length of the alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness. These results can provide useful anatomical data on palatal bone thickness including skeletal structures of hard palate for orthodontic miniscrew placement.

Keywords: Orthodontic miniscrew, Palatal bone thickness, Alveolar arch, Incisive foramen, Palatal spine

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Fig. 1.

Photographs showing the parameters of the palatal bone thickness, the width and length of the alveolar arch, and the width and length of the incisive foramen. A represents a total of 12 points (red dots) that are measurement points crossing between horizontal reference line (solid lines) and vertical reference line (dotted lines) at each tooth position. B represents the width and length of the alveolar arch (white dotted double arrows) and the width and length of the incisive foramen (red solid double arrows). CL, central incisor; LI, lateral incisor; C, canine; P1, first premolar; P2, second premolar; M1, first molar.

Table 1.

Palatal bone thickness according to tooth position at a total of 12 measurement points

	Vertical reference 1	Vertical reference 2	Vertical reference 3	Vertical reference 4	Total	p
	(n = 48)	(n = 48)	(n = 48)	(n = 48)	Total	p
P1-P2	11.1±3.2	10.9±3.1	11.3±3.3	12.3±3.3	11.4±3.2	0.160
P1-P2	(4.8–17.0)	(4.0–16.0)	(4.3–17.0)	(5.3–18.0)	11.4±3.2	0.160
P2-M1	7.0±2.1 ^a	6.9±2.1 ^b	7.2±2.4	8.4±2.5 ^ab	7.4±2.4	0.006^∗
P2-M1	(2.0–10.8)	(2.5–10.8)	(2.3–13.0)	(3.5–14.5)	7.4±2.4	0.006^∗
M1	5.3±1.3	4.7±1.3 ^c	4.9±1.5 ^d	5.8±1.8 ^cd	5.2±1.5	0.003^∗
M1	(2.0–7.8)	(2.0–7.5)	(2.3–10.0)	(2.3–10.5)	5.2±1.5	0.003^∗
Total	7.8±3.3	7.5±3.5	7.8±3.7	8.8±3.7
p	0.000^∗	0.000^∗	0.000^∗	0.000^∗

The data (in mm) are mean± SD (minimum – maximum).

Vertical reference 1, vertical extension line of central incisor; Vertical reference 2, vertical extension line of between central incisor and lateral incisor; Vertical reference 3, vertical extension line of lateral incisor; Vertical reference 4, vertical extension line of between lateral incisor and canine. P1, first premolar; P2, second premolar; M1, first molar.

^abcd Identical superscripted letters indicate statistically significant differences among the measurement points at each tooth position.

^∗ p-values represent the difference among the measurement points at each tooth position and among the tooth positions at each measurement point using one-way ANOVA (p<.05).

Table 2.

Correlation coefficient between the width and the length of alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness according to tooth position

	Alveolar arch width (n = 24)	Alveolar arch length(n = 24)	P1-P2 (n = 48)	P2-M1 (n = 48)	M1 (n = 48)
Alveolar arch width	1	0.46^∗	0.42^∗	0.05	0.02
Alveolar arch length		1	0.08	– 0.02	– 0.08
Alveolar arch length P1-P2		1	0.081	0.02 0.76^∗∗	0.08 0.48^∗∗
P2-M1				1	0.74^∗∗

^∗ p<.05

^∗∗ p<.01.

Table 3.

Width and length of incisive foramen (mm)

	Minimum	Maximum	Mean± SD (n=24)
Incisive foramen width	2.4	5.7	4.2±0.9
Incisive foramen length	5.1	11.4	7.8±1.8

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