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Abstract
Objectives
The primary objective was to test the phenomenon known as the insight paradox, which refers to the association between higher levels of insight and lower self-esteem, higher hopelessness, and a higher perception of social prejudice among patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
A total of 216 outpatients with schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were recruited. All participants were receiving ongoing outpatient treatment and were in a stable phase of the disorder. The participants were divided into a good-insight (N=109) and a poor-insight (N=107) group by the direct interview and the mean score of questionnaire. The parameters used for analysis and comparison were demographic variables (age, gender, education), clinical variables (age at onset, number of hospitalizations), self-esteem, hopelessness, self-stigma, and quality of life.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the good and poor insight groups in the patient with schizophrenia
Self-esteem was assessed with Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale. Hopelessness was assessed with the Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Self-stigma was assessed with Korean version of the experience of stigma (9 items) in the Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed with the Korean version of Short-Form 36 Health Survey
Table 3
Pearson correlations among insight, self-esteem, hopeless, stigma, and quality of life
Insight was assessed with Self-appraisal of illness questionnaire. Self-esteem was assessed with Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale. Hopelessness was assessed with the Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Self-stigma was assessed with Korean version of the experience of stigma (9 items) in the Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed with the Korean version of Short-Form 36 Health Survey. *: p<0.01
Table 4
Comparison of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale between good and poor insight groups in the patient with schizophrenia
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