Development and Application of the Korean Prototype of Wellness Index

Insook Lee; Kyung-Sook Bang; Sungjae Kim; Juna Lee; Juhyun Jo

doi:10.16952/pns.2019.16.2.84

Journal List > Perspect Nurs Sci > v.16(2) > 1136564

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Lee, Bang, Kim, Lee, and Jo: Development and Application of the Korean Prototype of Wellness Index

Original Article

Perspectives in Nursing Science 2019; 16(2): 84-97.

Published online: 30 October 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16952/pns.2019.16.2.84

Development and Application of the Korean Prototype of Wellness Index

Insook Lee¹, Kyung-Sook Bang¹, Sungjae Kim¹, Juna Lee², Juhyun Jo²

¹Professor, College of Nursing · The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²Graduate Student, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Lee, Juna. College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8835, Fax: +82-2-741-5244, junalee1219@gmail.com

Received 27 September 2019 Revised 9 October 2019 Accepted 9 October 2019

The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul National University

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to develop the Korean Prototype of Wellness Index (KP-WI) and identify the relationship between Koreans' health characteristics and wellness.

Methods

The Wellness Index (WI) was translated into the primitive version of the KP-WI, considering the Koreans' culture and health behavior. It was administered to 223 service industrial employees at one workplace along with the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Stress Questionnaire-Short Form. Data analyses included item-total correlation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.

Results

The primitive version was modified to KP-WI based on the item-total correlation. The items considered to lower the reliability of the KP-WI were eliminated. Cronbach's α for each subscale ranged from .857 to .939. Perceived stress and negative emotions correlated significantly with wellness measured by KP-WI (r=−.29, p<.001; r=−.27, p<.001). Positive emotions correlated significantly with wellness (r=.60, p<.001).

Conclusion

This study contributes to the development of Korean-style wellness indexes by developing a prototype and exploring the factors related to wellness.

Keywords: Health promotion, Health behavior, Surveys and questionnaires, Validation studies

Figures and Tables

Table 1

The Structure and Factors of Wellness Index

Table 2

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants (N=223)

Table 3

Correlations between Wellness and Perceived Stress, or Emotional States (N=223)

FM=Finding meaning; NE=Negative emotion; PE=Positive emotion; PS=Perceived stress; P & W=Playing & working; Self-Love=Self-responsibility & love; TRSC=Transcending.

Table 4

The Relationship between Wellness and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants (N=223)

^*Missing values are excluded; ^†Married, cohabiting, separated and divorced; ^‡Mann-Whitney U test.

Notes

This work has been supported by a research grant from ⓒ SERVEONE.

Appendix

The Korean Prototype of Wellness Index

References

1. Witmer JM, Sweeney TJ. A holistic model for wellness and prevention over the life span. J Couns Dev. 1992; Nov-Dec. 71(2):140–148. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb02189.x.

2. Kim HS, Song Y, Kwon SH. Validity and reliability of a Korean version of the wellness evaluation of lifestyle (K-WEL). J Korean Data Inf Sci Soc. 2016; 11. 27(6):1609–1619. DOI: 10.7465/jkdi.2016.27.6.1609.

3. Bloch-Jorgensen ZT, Cilione PJ, Yeung WWH, Gatt JM. Centeredness theory: understanding and measuring well-being across core life domains. Front Psychol. 2018; 05. 9:610. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00610.

4. Myers Jane E, Sweeney Thomas J, Witmer JM. The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: a holistic model for treatment planning. J Couns Dev. 2011; 12. 78(3):251–266. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01906.x.

5. Ryu H, Jung J, Cho J, Chin DL. Program development and effectiveness of workplace health promotion program for preventing metabolic syndrome among office workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 08. 14(8):E878. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080878.

6. Kim SK. Development of lifestyle assessment inventory for wellness of Korean adults. Korean J Phys Educ. 2000; 12. 39(4):963–982.

7. Adams TB, Bezner JR, Drabbs ME, Zambarano RJ, Steinhardt MA. Conceptualization and measurement of the spiritual and psychological dimensions of wellness in a college population. J Am Coll Health. 2000; 01. 48(4):165–173. DOI: 10.1080/07448480009595692.

8. Renger RF, Midyett SJ, Mas FGS, Erin TD, McDermott HM, Papenfuss RL, et al. Optimal living profile: an inventory to assess health and wellness. Am J Health Behav. 2000; 11. 24(6):403–412. DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.24.6.1.

9. Travis JW, Ryan RS. Wellness workbook: How to achieve enduring health and vitality. 3rd ed. New York: Random House Digital, Inc;2004. p. 384.

10. Kim MH, Cho YS, Uhm WS, Kim S, Bae SC. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean version of the EQ-5D in patients with rheumatic diseases. Qual Life Res. 2005; 06. 14(5):1401–1406. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-004-5681-z.

11. Menk Otto L, Howerter A, Bell IR, Jackson N. Exploring measures of whole person wellness: integrative well-being and psychological flourishing. Explore (NY). 2010; Nov-Dec. 6(6):364–370. DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2010.08.001.

12. Cloninger CR, Zohar AH. Personality and the perception of health and happiness. J Affect Disord. 2011; 01. 128(1-2):24–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.012.

13. Park HS, Lee JM. A validation study of Korean version of PANAS - revised. Korean J Psychol: Gen. 2016; 12. 35(4):617–641. DOI: 10.22257/kjp.2016.12.35.4.617.

14. Lemon JC, Watson JC. Early identification of potential high school dropouts: an investigation of the relationship among at-risk status, wellness, perceived stress, and mattering. J Risk Issues. 2011; 16(2):17–23.

15. Clark MM, Warren BA, Hagen PT, Johnson BD, Jenkins SM, Werneburg BL, et al. Stress level, health behaviors, and quality of life in employees joining a wellness center. Am J Health Promot. 2011; Sep-Oct. 26(1):21–25.

16. Lee ES, Shin HS, Yang YJ, Cho JJ, Ahn G, Kim SH, et al. Development of the stress questionnaire for KNHANES. Cheongju (Korea): Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention;2010. 11. p. 96. Available from: http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/commons/util/ndslOriginalView.do?dbt=TRKO&cn=TRKO201300000362&rn=&url=&pageCode=PG18.

17. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Guideline for the management of obesity 2018. Seoul: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity;2018. p. 215.

18. Tiago de Oliveira W, Misue Matsuda L, Aparecida Sales M. Relationship between wellness and sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers of people with cancer. Invest Educ Enferm. 2016; 04. 34(1):128–136. DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v34n1a15.

19. Coatsworth JD, Palen LA, Sharp EH, Ferrer-Wreder L. Self-defining activities, expressive identity, and adolescent wellness. Appl Dev Sci. 2006; 06. 10(3):157–170. DOI: 10.1207/s1532480xads1003_5.

20. Yi KJ, Landais E, Kolahdooz F, Sharma S. Factors influencing the health and wellness of urban aboriginal youths in Canada: insights of in-service professionals, care providers, and stakeholders. Am J Public Health. 2015; 05. 105(5):881–890. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302481.

21. Abu Dabrh AM, Gorty A, Jenkins SM, Murad MH, Hensrud DD. Health habits of employees in a large medical center: time trends and impact of a worksite wellness facility. Sci Rep. 2016; 02. 11. 6:20804. DOI: 10.1038/srep20804.

22. Young HJ, Erickson ML, Johnson KB, Johnson MA, McCully KK. A wellness program for individuals with disabilities: using a student wellness coach approach. Disabil Health J. 2015; 07. 8(3):345–352. DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.12.003.

23. Schmittdiel JA, Adams SR, Goler N, Sanna RS, Boccio M, Bellamy DJ, et al. The impact of telephonic wellness coaching on weight loss: a "Natural Experiments for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D)" study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017; 02. 25(2):352–356. DOI: 10.1002/oby.21723.

24. Eifert EK, Hall M, Smith PH, Wideman L. Quality of life as a mediator of leisure activity and perceived health among older women. J Women Aging. 2019; May-Jun. 248–268. DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2018.1444937.

25. Wu S, Wang R, Zhao Y, Ma X, Wu M, Yan X, et al. The relationship between self-rated health and objective health status: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2013; 04. 13:320. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-320.

26. Snodgrass JG, Lacy MG, Upadhyay C. "Developing culturally sensitive affect scales for global mental health research and practice: emotional balance, not named syndromes, in Indian Adivasi subjective well-being". Soc Sci Med. 2017; 08. 187:174–183. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.037.

27. Liao LM, Conway GS, Ismail-Pratt I, Bikoo M, Creighton SM. Emotional and sexual wellness and quality of life in women with Rokitansky syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 08. 205(2):117–122. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.013.

28. Szalacha LA, Hughes TL, McNair R, Loxton D. Mental health, sexual identity, and interpersonal violence: findings from the Australian longitudinal women's health study. BMC Womens Health. 2017; 09. 17(1):94. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0452-5.

29. Lee SH, Hyun MH. The factor structure of the Korean version of the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS). Korean J Health Psychol. 2003; 08. 8(2):229–241.

TOOLS

Similar articles