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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Korean Geriatric Loneliness Scale (KGLS).
Methods
The initial items were based on in-depth interviews with 10 older adults. Psychometric testing was then conducted with 322 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older. Content, construct, and criterion-related validity, classification in cutoff point, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability were used for the analysis.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis showed three factors, including 15 items explaining 91.6% of the total variance. The three distinct factors were loneliness associated with family relationships (34.3%), social loneliness (32.4%), and a lack of belonging (24.9%). As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, 14 items in the three-factor structure were validated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the KGLS’ cutoff point of 32 was associated with a sensitivity of 71.0%, specificity of 80.2%, and area under the curve of .83. Reliability, as verified by the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient, was .89, and Cronbach's α was .90.
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Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Participants
Table 2.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of Korean Geriatric Loneliness Scale (N=172)
Table 3.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Korean Geriatric Loneliness Scale (N=150)
SE=Standard error; C.R.=Critical ratio; AVE=Average variance extracted; CMIN/DF=Chi-square minimum/degree of freedom; SRMR=Standardized root mean residual; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation; IFI=Incremental fit index; CFI=Comparative fit index; PNFI=Parsimonious normed fit index; PCFI=Parsimonious comparative fix index.
Table 4.
Reliability for Korean Geriatric Loneliness Scale (N=322)
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