Hyun Ik Shim; Dong Jin Song; Cheol Min Shin; Hyuk Yoon; Young Soo Park; Nayoung Kim; Dong Ho Lee

doi:10.4166/kjg.2019.74.4.199

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Shim, Song, Shin, Yoon, Park, Kim, and Lee: Inhibitory Effects of β-caryophyllene on Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study

Original Article

Alimentary Tract

The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2019; 74(4): 199-204.

Published online: 25 October 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2019.74.4.199

Inhibitory Effects of β-caryophyllene on Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study

Hyun Ik Shim¹, Dong Jin Song¹, Cheol Min Shin¹, Hyuk Yoon¹, Young Soo Park¹, Nayoung Kim^1,², Dong Ho Lee^1,²

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

²Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to: Dong Ho Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea. Tel: +82-31-787-7008, Fax: +82-31-787-4051, dhljohn@yahoo.com

Received 13 May 2019 Revised 7 June 2019 Accepted 31 July 2019

Korean Society of Gastroenterology

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background/Aims

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections, which cause a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, are common in South Korea. Recent reports have shown a decline in the H. pylori eradication rates. β-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that occurs in a wide range of plant species, such as cloves, basil, and cinnamon. β-caryophyllene has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of β-caryophyllene on H. pylori and its potential role as an alternative gastrointestinal drug.

Methods

This 8-week, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial categorized subjects into a β-caryophyllene group (33 patients who received 126 mg/day of β-caryophyllene) and a placebo group (33 patients who received a placebo preparation). The inflammation level of H. pylori infiltration and the eradication rates were evaluated endoscopically and with the urea breath test (UBT) in both groups before and after administering the medication. The serum cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6) were compared in both groups before and after administering the medication.

Results

Complete eradication was not observed in either group. Moreover, there was no significant change in the UBT and updated Sydney score. On the other hand, the β-caryophyllene group showed significant improvement in nausea (p=0.025) and epigastric pain (p=0.018), as well as a decrease in the serum IL-1β levels (p=0.038).

Conclusions

β-caryophyllene improves dyspepsia symptoms and can be considered a useful supplementary treatment for gastrointestinal disease.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, β-caryophyllene, Therapeutics, Dyspepsia

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

(A, B) Pre and Post urea breath test changes in the β-caryophyllene and control groups.

Fig. 2

Log_e-transformed (serum cytokine) changes in β-caryophyllene (A) and control groups (B). The p-values were calculated using a paired t-test. Data are presented as mean±standard error. Conc, concentration; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin.

Table 1

Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants (n=59)

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or n (%).

GI, gastrointestinal; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

^aThe p-values were calculated using a Student's t-test (continuous variables) or chi-square test (categorical variables).

Table 2

Gastrointestinal Symptom Score Changes in the β-caryophyllene and Control Groups

^aIndicates statistical significance; ^bThe p-values were calculated using a paired t-test.

Notes

^{Financial support} None.

^{Conflict of interest} None.

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