Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses

Yun Sil Ahn; Suk Jung Han

doi:10.5388/aon.2019.19.3.159

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Ahn and Han: Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses

Original Article

Asian Oncol Nurs 2019;19(3):159-168.

Published online: 12 September 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2019.19.3.159

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses

Yun Sil Ahn¹, Suk Jung Han²

^¹Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul

^²College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to: Han, Suk Jung College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, 815 Kongnung-dong, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Korea Tel: +82-2-3399-1591 Fax: +82-2-3399-1594 E-mail: hansj@syu.ac.kr

Received 27 February 2019 Revised 10 September 2019 Accepted 11 September 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to provide basic data for quality improvement among oncology advanced practice nurses (oncology APNs) through increasing job satisfaction by determining their job satisfaction level and analyzing the influencing factors.

Methods

The subjects were 114 certified oncology APNs working at general hospitals in metropolitan areas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from August 4 to October 29, 2018. The instruments were the Role Conflict Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Professional Self-Concept Scale, and the Level of Job Satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression in SPSS version 23.0, IBM.

Results

Factors that significantly affected job satisfaction were number of years since being certified as an oncology APN (β=-.20, p=.031), oncology advanced practice (β=.38, p<.001), and professional self-concept (β=.44, p<.001). The explanatory power was 39.4%.

Conclusion

These results showed that factors significantly affecting job satisfaction were number of years since being certified as an oncology APN, advanced practice in oncology, and professional self-concept. Job satisfaction was found to be higher when the number of years since being certified as an oncology APN was shorter and professional self-concept was higher.

Keywords: Advanced practice nursing, Oncology nursing, Job satisfaction

References

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Table 1.

Character Analysis of Oncology APN's according to Oncology APN's Job (N= 114)

Variables	Categories	Total	Oncology APN's job		x² or t	p
			Yes (n=68)	No (n=46)
			n (%) or M ± SD	n (%) or M ± SD
Duty	Yes	103 (90.4)	66 (97.1)	37 (80.4)	–	.007^‡
responsibility	No	11 (9.6)	2 (2.9)	9 (19.6)
Job description	Yes	85 (74.6)	61 (89.7)	24 (52.2)	20.38	＜.001
	No	29 (25.4)	7 (10.3)	22 (47.8)
Years of certification		6.5 _± 3.5	7.2 _± 3.3	5.5 _± 3.5	2.51	.014
Nursing experience	＜15	16.8 ± 4.4 38 (33.7)	17.0 ± 4.220 (29.4)	16.6 ± 4.818 (40.0)	0.44 1.39	.667 .499
experience (year)	＜1515∼19	38 (33.7) 49 (43.4)	20 (29.4)31 (45.6)	18 (40.0)18 (40.0)	1.39	.499
(year)	15∼19≥ 20	49 (43.4) 26 (22.9)	31 (45.6)17 (25.0)	18 (40.0) 9 (20.0)
	≥ 20	26 (22.9)	17 (25.0)	9 (20.0)
Oncology APN's job experience^*	＜1	–	8.2 ± 4.95 (7.4)	–	–
job experience^*	＜1		5 (7.4)
(year)	1∼55∼10		12 (17.6)30 (44.1)
	5∼1010∼15		30 (44.1)12 (17.6)
	10∼15≥ 15		12 (17.6) 9 (13.2)
	≥ 15		9 (13.2)
Part^*	Nursing department	–	37 (54.4)	–	–
	Medical department		11 (16.2)
	Cancer center		20 (29.4)
Department of medicine^*	Hematology/medical oncology	–	48 (70.6)	–	–
	Cancer center		5 (7.4)
	Department of pediatrics		3 (4.4)
	Department of surgical		10 (14.7)
	Department of internal medicine		2 (2.9)
Primary practice	Outpatient	–	22 (32.8)	–	–
setting^* (n=113)	Inpatient		18 (26.5)
	Outpatient & Inpatient		27 (40.3)
Patient^*	Solid tumor	–	46 (67.6)	–	–
	Hematology		18 (26.5)
	Pediatric cancer		4 (5.9)
Major practice area^*	Chemotherapy	–	58.6 ± 32.0	–	–
	Radiation therapy		4.7 ± 7.8
	Surgical therapy		13.1 ± 24.2
	Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation		12.6 ± 25.6
	Hospice		8.1 _± 18.1
	Others		3.0 ± 8.3
Position^†	Staff nurse	–	–	34 (73.9)	–
	PA			5 (10.9)
	Wound ostomy continence nurse			1 (2.2)
	Home care nurse			1 (2.2)
	Health manager			1 (2.2)
	Head nurse			3 (6.5)
	Director of nursing			1 (2.2)

^* Oncology APN's Job: Yes;

^† Oncology APN's Job: No

^‡ Fisher's exact test.

Table 2.

Analysis of Role Conflict, Self-efficacy, Professional Self-concept and Job Satisfaction of Oncology APN's Job (N= 114)

Variables	Total (n=114)	Oncology APN's job		t	p
	Total (n=114)	Yes (n=68)	No (n=46)
	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD
Role conflict	3.67± 0.75	± 0.803.57	3.82± 0.65	–1.78	.078
Role ambiguity	3.82± 0.83	± 0.823.66	4.07± 0.79	–2.62	.010
Lack of ability	3.22± 0.99	± 1.013.06	3.46± 0.91	–2.14	.035
Environmental disorder	3.90± 0.74	± 0.793.84	3.98± 0.65	–0.98	.328
Lack of cooperation	3.48± 0.91	3.37± 0.97	3.63± 0.79	–1.48	.141
Self-efficacy	3.95 ± 0.66	3.91± −.67	4.02± 0.66	–0.85	.397
Assurance	4.12± 0.64	4.05± 0.68	4.22± 0.57	–1.43	.154
Achievement	3.93± 0.70	3.90± 0.67	3.98± 0.76	–0.60	.547
The beginning of action	3.87± 0.78	3.84± 0.77	3.92± 0.79	–0.52	.605
Adversity	3.93± 0.71	3.88± 0.73	4.00± 0.69	–0.82	.415
Professional self-concept	2.97± 0.28	3.00± 0.30	2.92± 0.24	1.51	.135
Professional practice	2.84 ± 0.28	2.86± 0.30	2.81± 0.25	1.07	.289
Leadership	2.92 ± 0.35	2.94± 0.36	2.89± 0.34	0.74	.461
Elasticity	3.13 ± 0.35	3.12± 0.38	3.14± 0.31	–0.24	.808
Technology	2.85 ± 0.40	2.91± 0.41	2.76± 0.39	1.94	.055
Satisfaction	2.85 ± 0.40	2.91± 0.41	2.76± 0.39	1.94	.055
Communi-cation	2.84 ± 0.38	2.89± 0.40	2.76± 0.36	1.90	.060
Job satisfaction	3.12± 0.54	3.31± 0.49	2.85± 0.50	4.88	＜.001
Income	2.28± 1.09	2.23± 1.15	2.35± 1.01	–.57	.568
Business information	2.73± 0.75	2.93± 0.65	2.43± 0.78	3.70	＜.001
Professional position	3.53± 0.79	3.84± 0.64	3.08± 0.77	5.76	＜.001
Administration	2.58± 0.96	2.80± 0.94	2.25± 0.89	3.14	.002
Doctor-nurse relationship	3.26± 1.04	3.63± 0.82	2.73± 1.11	4.96	＜.001
Autonomy	3.30± 0.75	3.43± 0.74	3.10± 0.73	2.36	.020
Interaction	3.79± 0.66	3.85± 0.62	3.71± 0.71	1.10	.273

Table 3.

Differences in Job Satisfaction by General Characteristics and Characteristics of Oncology APN's (N= 114)

Variables	Categories	Total	Job satisfaction	t or F	p	Scheffé
Variables	Categories	n (%)	M ± SD	t or F	p	Scheffé
Age (year)	30∼34	10(8.8)	2.82± 0.67	1.24	.300
	35∼39	56(49.1)	3.17± 0.45
	40∼44	33(28.9)	3.12± 0.49
	≥45	15(13.2)	3.16± 0.83
Religion	Yes	81(71.1)	3.14± 0.52	0.44	.661
	No	33(28.9)	3.09± 0.60
Marital status	Married	88(77.2)	3.16± 0.53	1.25	.214
	Unmarried	26(22.8)	3.01± 0.58
Education	Master's degree completion	33(28.9)	3.24± 0.54	1.46	.147
	Master	81(71.1)	3.08± 0.54
Position	Staff nurse	72(63.2)	3.06± 0.49	1.85	.162
	Charge nurse	31(27.2)	3.19± 0.55
	Above head nurse	11(9.7)	3.37± 0.79
Income	＜450 ^a	13(11.4)	2.98± 0.46	3.75	.013	a, b, c＜ d
(10,000 won)	450∼＜500 ^b	7(6.1)	2.86± 0.18
	500∼＜550 ^c	29(25.4)	2.93± 0.56
	≥550 ^d	65(57.0)	3.26± 0.54
Duty responsibility	Yes	103(90.4)	3.14± 0.55	1.32	.191
	No	11(9.6)	2.92± 0.44
Job description	Yes	85(74.6)	3.20± 0.56	2.81	.006
	No	29(25.4)	2.88± 0.43
Nursing experience	＜15	38(33.7)	3.09± 0.55	0.66	.520
(year)	15∼19	49 (43.4)	3.09± 0.43
	≥20	26(22.9)	3.23± 0.71
Oncology APN's job	Yes	68(59.6)	3.31± 0.49	4.88	＜.001
	No	46(40.4)	2.85± 0.50
Oncology APN's	＜1	5(7.4)	3.06± 0.66	1.20	.321
job experience*	1∼5	12(17.6)	3.21± 0.39
(year)	5∼10	30(44.1)	3.28± 0.44
	10∼15	12(17.6)	3.39± 0.41
	≥15	9(13.2)	3.57± 0.74
Part*	Nursing department	37(54.4)	3.37± 0.56	0.82	.444
	Medical department	11(16.2)	3.16± 0.48
	Cancer center	20(29.4)	3.28± 0.35
Department of	Hematology/medical oncology	48(70.6)	3.32± 0.53	0.47	.761
medicine*	Cancer center	5(7.4)	3.21± 0.68
	Department of pediatrics	3(4.4)	3.37± 0.32
	Department of surgical	10(14.7)	3.39± 0.25
	Department of internal medicine	2(2.9)	2.89± 0.15
Primary practice	Outpatient	22(32.8)	3.43± 0.58	1.74	.183
setting* (n=113)	Inpatient	18(26.5)	3.39± 0.38
	Outpatient & inpatient	27(40.3)	3.18± 0.47
Patient*	Solid tumor	46(67.6)	3.35± 0.52	1.26	.291
	Hematology	18(26.5)	3.16± 0.43
	Pediatric cancer	4(5.9)	3.49± 0.35
Position^†	Staff nurse	34(73.9)	2.80± 0.47	–	–
	PA	5 (10.9)	3.03± 0.57
	Wound Ostomy Continence	1(2.2)	2.26± 0.21
	nurse	1(2.2)	3.89
	Home Care nurse	1(2.2)	3.16
	Health Manager	3(6.5)	2.57
	Head nurse	1(2.2)	3.53
	Director of nursing

Table 4.

Partial Correlations among Role Conflict, Self-efficacy, Professional Self-concept and Job Satisfaction of Oncology APN's (N= 114)

Variables	Role conflict	Self-efficacy	Professional self-concept	Job satisfaction
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Role conflict	1
Self-efficacy	.09 (.361)	1
Professional self-concept	.04 (.668)	.65 (＜.001)	1
Job satisfaction	–.04 (.705)	.35 (＜.001)	.51 (＜.001)	1

Control variable: Oncology APN's job.

Table 5.

Influencing Factors on Job Satisfaction of Oncology APN's (N= 114)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	VIF
(Constant)	–0.11	0.68		–0.16	.876
Age (year)	0.02	0.02	.16	1.12	.264	3.58
Nursing experience	–0.01	0.02	–.07	–051	.608	3.84
Income (≥ 5,500)	0.14	0.10	.13	1.42	.159	1.48
Job description	0.01	0.11	.01	0.13	.897	1.44
Years of certification	–0.03	0.01	–.20	–2.19	.031	1.55
Oncology APN's job	0.42	0.10	.38	4.38	.000	1.37
Role conflict	–0.04	0.06	–.06	–0.80	.427	1.06
Self-efficacy	0.03	0.08	.03	0.29	.770	1.88
Professional self-concept	0.86	0.20	.44	4.22	.000	2.03
		Adj. R²=.39, F=9.08, p＜.001
		d (d U)=1.96 (1.87), z (p)=0.65 (.787), x² (p)=7.83 (.552)

d: Durbin-Watson’ auto-correlation index (upper critical limit); z (p): Kolmogorov-Smirnov's normality test with standarized residual; x

² (p): Breusch-Pagan's het-eroscedasticity test with residual; Income: ≥5,500 (dummy variable); Job description: Yes (dummy variable); Oncology APN's job: Yes (dummy variable).

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