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Namkoong and Ma: Correlation between oral health behaviors and problematic experiences associated with smartphone use in adolescents
Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2019;43(3):157-162.

Published online: 15 September 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2019.43.3.157

Correlation between oral health behaviors and problematic experiences associated with smartphone use in adolescents

Eun-Jung Namkoong, Deuk-Sang Ma

Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Korea

Corresponding Author: Deuk-Sang Ma Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Research Institute of Oral Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Korea Tel: +82-33-640-2983 Fax: +82-33-642-6140 E-mail: mads@gwnu.ac.kr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-4019

Received 23 April 2019       Revised 26 August 2019       Accepted 28 August 2019

Copyright © 2019 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

We investigated the correlation between oral health behaviors and problematic experiences associated with smartphone use in adolescents.

Methods

Raw data from the 13th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used. The data were analyzed using a composite sample-planning file. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Results

There was a negative correlation between family conflicts due to the use of smartphones and brushing teeth after lunch and twice a day. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between peer conflict experiences due to the use of smartphone and brushing teeth twice a day. Academic difficulties of adolescents due to the use of smartphone were negatively correlated with using supplementary oral hygiene devices and brushing teeth twice a day.

Conclusions

Based on the above results, we confirmed that problematic experiences associated with the use of smartphone are correlated with oral health behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to plan ways to reduce the excessive use of smart phones in adolescents. In addition, it is necessary to develop an efficient tooth-brushing management system that incorporates the use of smart-phones or modern devices.

Keywords: Adolescents, Oral health behavior, Smartphone

References

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Table 1.
Oral health behaviors according to demographic
Variables Total Use supplemetary oral hygiene devices
 Toothbrushing after lunch
 Toothbrushing two or more times a day
Yes No P-value* Yes No P-value* Yes No P-value*
Total 54,603 (100.0) 24,268 (44.8) 30,335 (55.2) 33,240 (59.6) 21,363 (40.4) 50,467 (92.5) 4,136 (7.5)
Gender
Male 26,930 (100.0) 11,743 (43.9) 15,187 (56.1) 0.002† 14,022 (50.7) 12,908 (49.3) 0.000‡ 24,304 (90.4) 2,626 (9.6) 0.000‡
Female 27,673 (100.0) 12,525 (45.7) 15,148 (54.3) 8,455 (31.4) 19,218 (68.6) 26,163 (94.7) 1,510 (5.3)
School type
Middle school 26,965 (100.0) 13,273 (50.3) 13,692 (49.7) 0.000‡ 13,429 (46.6) 13,536 (53.4) 0.000‡ 24,724 (91.8) 2,241 (8.2) 0.000‡
High school 27,638 (100.0) 10,995 (40.2) 16,643 (59.8) 19,811 (70.2) 7,827 (29.8) 25,743 (93.1) 1,895 (6.9)
City type
Metropolis 24,391 (100.0) 11,272 (46.6) 13,119 (53.4) 0.000‡ 13,816 (54.4) 10,575 (45.6) 0.000‡ 22,525 (92.1) 1,866 (7.9) 0.043†
Cities 26,025 (100.0) 11,389 (44.1) 14,636 (55.9) 16,203 (61.8) 9,822 (38.2) 24,061 (92.8) 1,964 (7.2)
Rural area 4,187 (100.0) 1,607 (37.8) 2,580 (62.2) 3,221 (77.4) 966 (22.6) 3,881 (93.1) 306 (6.9)

*P-values are determined from Pearson’s Chi-squared test,

†P<0.05

‡P<0.001.

Table 2.
Oral health behaviors according to problems with smartphone use
Problems with smartphone use Total Use supplemetary oral hygiene devices
 Toothbrushing after lunch
 Toothbrushing two or more times a day
Yes No P-value* Yes No P-value* Yes No P-value*
Family conflict due to smartphone use
Yes 12,001 (100.0) 5,804 (49.0) 6,197 (51.0) 0.000‡ 6,830 (55.3) 5,171 (44.7) 0.000‡ 11,018 (91.9) 983 (8.1) 0.006†
No 42,602 (100.0) 18,464 (43.6) 24,138 (56.4) 26,410 (60.8) 16,192 (39.2) 39,449 (92.7) 3,153 (7.3)
Peer conflict due to smartphone use
Yes 1,899 (100.0) 995 (53.1) 904 (46.9) 0.000‡ 1,132 (57.4) 767 (42.6) 0.061 1,728 (90.6) 171 (9.4) 0.001†
No 52,704 (100.0) 23,273 (44.5) 29,431 (55.5) 32,108 (59.6) 20,596 (40.4) 48,739 (92.6) 3,965 (7.4)
Academic problems due to smartphone use
Yes 13,473 (100.0) 5,697 (42.2) 7,776 (57.8) 0.000‡ 8,525 (62.7) 4,948 (37.3) 0.000‡ 12,268 (91.0) 1,205 (9.0) 0.000‡
No 41,130 (100.0) 18,571 (45.7) 22,559 (54.3) 24,715 (58.5) 16,415 (41.5) 38,199 (93.0) 2,931 (7.0)

*P-values are determined from Pearson’s Chi-squared test,

†P<0.05

‡P<0.001.

Table 3.
Correlation of problems with smartphone use and oral health behaviors
Variables Family conflict due to smart-phone use Peer conflict due to smart-phone use Academic problems due to smartphone use Use supplem-etary oral hygiene devices Toothbrushing after lunch Toothbrushing two or more times a day
Family conflict due to smartphone use 1
Peer conflict due to smartphone use 0.198† 1
Academic problems due to smartphone use 0.234† 0.140† 1
Use supplemetary oral hygiene devices 0.042† 0.030† ―0.025† 1
Toothbrushing after lunch ―0.043† ―0.005 0.028† 0.041† 1
Toothbrushing two or more times a day ―0.012† ―0.010* ―0.030† 0.053† 0.185† 1

*P<0.05,

† P<0.001.

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