Effects of Diospyros kaki peel, Momordica charantia, and Canavalia gladiata extracts on the cariogenic traits of Streptococcus mutans

Dong-Woon Kim; Dong-Ik Lee; Sang-Uk Im; Youn-Hee Choi; Keun-Bae Song

doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2019.43.3.131

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Kim, Lee, Im, Choi, and Song: Effects of Diospyros kaki peel, Momordica charantia, and Canavalia gladiata extracts on the cariogenic traits of Streptococcus mutans

Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2019;43(3):131-135.

Published online: 15 September 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2019.43.3.131

Effects of Diospyros kaki peel, Momordica charantia, and Canavalia gladiata extracts on the cariogenic traits of Streptococcus mutans

Dong-Woon Kim^†, Dong-Ik Lee^†, Sang-Uk Im, Youn-Hee Choi, Keun-Bae Song

Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding Author: Keun-Bae Song Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Korea Tel: +82-53-660-6870 Fax: +82-53-423-2947 E-mail: kbsong@knu.ac.kr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-5500

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received 26 August 2019 Revised 4 September 2019 Accepted 7 September 2019

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to determine methods of dental caries prevention by investigating the use of compounds of Diospyros kaki (D. kaki) peel, Momordica charantia (M. charantia), and Canavalia gladiata (C. gladiata) extracts to limit the cariogenic traits of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), such as their ability to proliferate and adhere to the tooth surface.

Methods

Broth microdilution and the agar spreading assay were used to determine the antimicrobial effect and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. mutans extracts. In order to identify the adhesive ability of S. mutans at varying concentrations, culture plates were first stained with 1 ml of 0.01% crystal violet for 15 minutes at room temperature, and then eluted with 1 ml of EtOH:Acetone (8:2) solution for 15 minutes in a 37℃ incubator. Eluted solutions were then evaluated by use of a spectrophotometer at 575 nm.

Results

Experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of D. kaki peel, M. charantia, and C. gladiata extracts on limiting the proliferation of S. mutans. The MIC was measured as an indication of whether the antibacterial activity of D. kaki peel, M. charantia, and C. gladiata extracts had a significant bacteriostatic effect on S. mutans. M. charantia extract was effective for growth inhibition on S. mutans at a minimum concentration of 0.25%. From the adhesion ability assay, M. charantia extract had an anti-adhesive effect.

Conclusions

These results indicate that M. charantia extract demonstrates antibacterial activity and has an anti-adhesive effect on S. mutans. Due to these properties, M. charantia extract may be used to prevent dental caries.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Anti-adhesive effect, Canavalia gladiata, Diospyros kaki peel, Momordica charantia, Streptococcus mutans

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Fig. 1.

Adhesive ability of S. mutans with different concentrations of several extracts.

Table 1.

S. mutans counts (×10^―4 CFU/ml) with different concentration of several extracts on 1% sucrose BHI agar media

	EtOH (Control)	I D. kaki peel	P-value	II M. charantia	P-value	III C. gladiata	P-value
0.00%	TMCT	TMCT	−	TMCT	−	TMCT	−
0.25%	TMCT	TMCT	−	1,756.6±747.6	−	TMCT	−
0.05%	976.7±144.1	909.3±376.1	0.331	74.5±54.4	0.040	994.0±273.5	0.500
0.75%	101.0±60.1	111.0±65.5	0.500	1.5±0.7	0.040	168.0±25.5	0.040
1.00%	24.0±4.0	14.3±1.5	0.040	0	0.032	18.0±6.0	0.134
1.25%	13.0±2.6	18.7±4.2	0.095	0	0.032	5.5±21	0.040

Each value is the average number of colony counts measured at the processing concentration of the D. kaki peel, M. charantia, and C. gladiata extract. TMTC, Too many to count.

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