Journal List > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > v.30(3) > 1134749

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Han, Cho, Lee, Nagasaka, Izummune, Lee, and Lee: A Content Analysis of Disaster Nursing Education in Korean and Japanese Universities
Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2019;30(3):307-323.

Published online: 12 September 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.3.307

A Content Analysis of Disaster Nursing Education in Korean and Japanese Universities

Suk Jung Han1, Chung Min Cho2, Young Ran Lee3, Kaori Nagasaka4, Mie Izummune4, Sang Bok Lee1, Ji Hye Lee5

1Professor, College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea

2Professor, College of Nursing, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Korea

3Professor, Seoul Women’s College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea

4Assistant Professor, Yamanashi Prefectural University, Japan

5Graduate Student, College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Lee, Young Ran Seoul Women’s College of Nursing, 38 Ganho-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03617, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2287-1731, Fax: +82-2-2287-1701, E-mail: agness_lee@yahoo.co.kr

Received 21 August 2018       Revised 8 July 2019       Accepted 16 August 2019

Copyright © 2019 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of disaster nursing education at universities in Korea and Japan, with focus on textbooks.

Methods

Disaster nursing contents from 11 Korean community health nursing textbooks and 3 Japanese disaster nursing textbooks were analysed.

Results

Three themes and 8 categories of disaster nursing content in the selected textbooks were analyzed. The themes classified include ‘understanding of disaster’, ‘disaster management’ and ‘disaster management system’. The theme of ‘understanding of disaster’ consists of such categories as ‘disaster concept/outline’, ‘classification of disaster’, ‘disaster management step’ and ‘disaster impact’. The theme of ‘disaster management activities’ consists of categories such as ‘disaster management activities’ and ‘disaster nursing’. The theme of ‘national disaster management system’ consists of categories like ‘national disaster management system’ and ‘international disaster relief’. From the comparison of disaster nursing education in the two countries, we found that themes were similar but there were differences between the two countries in content configuration. Korea and Japan have adopted the framework of International Council of Nurses for disaster nursing education. Korea stressed legal and ethical capabilities, while Japan included psychological support for disaster management service providers.

Conclusion

Disaster education is an important factor in a nurse’s ability for a disaster management. Development of a comprehensive disaster education program is necessary to enhance disaster care capacities.

Keywords: Education, nursing, Baccalaureate, Public health nursing, Disasters

References

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Figure 1.
Process of content analysis.
jkachn-30-307f1.tif
Table 1.
Understanding of Disaster
Categories Sub-items Main contents (frequency) Frequency
Korea (n=11) Japan (n=3) Total (n=14)
Disaster concept/outline Disaster medical treatment · Japan Modern and contemporary disaster, medical care · nursing - 2 2
nursing history Recent domestic and overseas disasters
Disaster occurrence status Common Disaster occurrence status (6) 4 3 7
Korea Proclamation of special disaster area (1)
Definition of disaster Common Definition of disaster/ calamity terms (13) 10 3 13
Characteristics of disaster Korea Interactivity (2), Uncertainty (2), Complexity (2), 4 - 4
Cumulativity (2), Adaptability (1), Predictability (1)
Classification of disaster Common Natural disaster (14), Special disaster (3), Complex disaster (4) 11 3 14
Korea Social disaster (11), Overseas disaster (3)
Japan Human / man-made disaster (3)
Disaster cycle Japan Stable period (3), Preparation period (3), Occurrence - 3 3
period (2), Emergency response period (2),
Restoration and recovery period (3)
Natural disaster Common Flood (14), Typhoon (14), Volcano (14), Earthquake 11 3 14
Classification of disaster (14), Tornado (13), Snow disaster (11)
Korea Tsunami (10), Landslide (2)
Japan Weather problems (1)
Social disaster/human/ Common Traffic accident (13), Environmental pollution accident (12), Explosion (12), Infectious disease (12) 11 3 14
man-made disaster special disaster Korea Fire (11), Collapse (11), CBR (chemical, biological, and radiological) (11)
Japan War (1), CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) (2), Radiation (1), Chemistry (1)
Overseas disaster Korea Disasters that damage or may damage life, body and property of the Korean people outside the territory of Korea and that require government action 3 - 3
Composite disaster Common When natural disasters, man-made disasters and special disasters occur at the same time (4) 1 3 4
Disaster management step Prevention and mitigation step Korea Crisis analysis (3), Hazard map drawing (5), Diagnosis of hazard (1), Settlement of safety culture (3), Enhancement of safety related law (3), Establishment of long-term disaster prevention plan (1), Establishment of cooperation measures in case of disaster (1), Establishment of an insurance system and damage compensation system (1), Establishment of a command system, promotion and prevention activities (1) 11 - 11
Table 1.
Understanding of Disaster (Continued)
Categories Sub-items Main contents (frequency) Frequency
Korea (n=11) Japan (n=3) Total (n=14)
Disaster Disaster Korea Establishment of a response plan (5), Construction of a 11 - 11
management preparedness disaster warning system (2), Securing and reserving
step and planning response resources (4), Disaster prevention education
step (5), Preparation for regional social disaster (2),
Hospital disaster preparedness (3), Personal and
family disaster preparedness / measures (2),
Emergency report (2), Situation propagation (2),
Response education and training (5), Disaster
damage recovery system (3), Designation of
evacuation routes and shelters (2), Training of
specialists (2)
Response step Korea Application of emergency response plan (1), 14 - 14
Movement of disaster safety measures headquarters
(1), Movement of whole emergency rescue team (1),
Alarm and emergency broadcasting (1), Coordination
and decision-making between organizations (1),
Specification of activity goals and roles by period (1),
Acquisition and management of accommodation
facilities (2), Emergency medical assistance (3),
Advertising and education for residents (1), Relief
material support (2), Installation and operation of
on-site clinic (4), Severity classification (11), Response
treatment at on-site clinic (3), Hospital disaster
response (2), Field shock management (2),
Restoration and Korea Assessment requirement (2), Group relief (2), 11 - 11
recovery step Psychological support (3)
Disaster cycle Japan Hyper acute period, acute period, subacute period, - 3 3
chronic period/ recovery period, stable period
Disaster Psychological Common Crisis situation stress (5), General reaction (normal 9 3 12
impact and mental psychological reaction) (8), Post-traumatic stress
problems disorder (11), Acute stress disorder (6),
Korea Psychological and social impact of disaster (2), Disaster
and psychological change (2)
Japan Time lapse and stress response (2)
Social problems Common Infectious disease management (2), Relief agent health 1 2 3
problems (3)
Korea Environmental pollution (1), Child care (1), Victims
occurrence (1), Property damage (1), Damage to
medical facilities (1)
Problems by Korea Natural disaster (4), Social disaster (4) 4 - 4
type of disaster
Stress of Japan Psychological process of supporters (3), Supporters' - 3 3
supporters stress reaction (3), Cause of supporters' stress (2),
Supporters' stress treatment and self-management
(stress contempt method) (3)
Disaster-related Japan What is disaster-related death (2), Mechanism of - 2 2
death disaster-related death (2)
Table 2.
Disaster Management
Categories Sub-items Main contents Frequency
Korea (n=11) Japan (n=3) Total (n=14)
Disaster management activities Disaster management concept Communication / disaster information delivery structure Korea Korea Concept of disaster management, Disaster management step / type National disaster management communication system (1), Effective communication in disasters / Principles of crisis communication / Crisis emergency risk communication (3), Internal and external communication (2), Communication with hospital (1), Communication with patient (1) 2 3 - 3 2 6
Japan Types and contents of disaster information (3), Information system for disaster medical activities (3), Communication means at the time of disaster (2), Notes when judging information and evacuation (1)
Psychological health management problem Common Psychological support (4), Post-traumatic stress disorder (2) 3 2 5
Social health problem management Common Korea Infectious disease control (3) Psychological support (4), Post-traumatic stress disorder (2), Environmental pollution (1), Child care (1), Safety education (1), Victim group management (4), Property damage, medical facility damage (1), Health problems of relief agents (1), Water (1), Sewerage facilities (1) 4 1 5
Vulnerable group disaster management Common Pregnant women and infants (5), Children (7), Elderly (7), Mental patients (3), Chronic patients (5), Disabled persons (6), Women (Integration of pregnancy and emergency obstetric care) (2), Foreign people and disasters (3) 4 3 7
Korea Adolescents (1), Subjects with sensory impairment (1), Disaster relief agents (1), Nurses and medical staff (1)
Japan Introduction of examples by actual/ item of disaster situations and activities
Patient severity classification Common START Adult Classification System (6), Emergency Patient Classification Triage (7) 5 3 8
Korea Jump START Children classification system (2)
Disaster nursing Definition of disaster nursing Common Definition of disaster nursing (6) 3 3 6
Role of nurses Common Hospital nurses (2), Community nurses (5) 7 1 8
Nurse capability Common Skills / nursing skills ability (8), Medical information and communication / decision making (7), Ethical Attitude / ethical Principles (7), Knowledge Capability (5), Leadership (3), Mutual cooperation / Coordination and cooperation (5), Severity classification (IDME classification) (3), Protection and response of emergency responders (2), Information provision (2), Timeliness and sensitivity (3), WHO / ICN Disaster management system and disaster nursing capacity (6) 8 3 11
Korea Critical thinking (5), Subject assessment (5), Disease management / Disease monitoring (5), Legal obligations (1), Integration (1), Resource pressure (1), Isolation and quarantine (1), Compliance with rules (2)
Table 2.
Disaster Management (Continued)
Categories Sub-items Main contents Frequency
Korea (n=11) Japan (n=3) Total (n=14)
Disaster nursing Disaster nursing rules Korea Rules when providing disaster nursing 5 - 5
Law, ethical considerations Common Confidentiality (5), Fairness (3), Obligation of care (2), Obligation of resource distribution / Rare resource distribution (6), Responsibility (4), Respect for autonomy of the subject (5) 4 3 7
Korea Restriction of freedom of the individual pursuant to quarantine isolation order, infringement of autonomy / protection of privacy (2), Transparency (2), Consistency (1), Proportionality (1), Responsibility and mission as medical personnel (1)
Nursing activity by disaster stage Korea Prevention step nursing / mitigation stage (10), Preparation stage nursing/ preparation step (8), Response stage nursing (11), Recovery step nursing / Recovery stage (10), Nursing process by disaster stage / Response method by safety management stage (2) 10 - 10
Disaster cycle and nursing activity Japan Hyperacute period (3), Acute period (3), Subacute period (3), Chronic period/ recovery period (3), Stable period (2) - 3 3
Home care, nursing care in shelter, temporary house, recovery house Japan Guidance for disaster countermeasures for home care patients (2), Nursing in shelter (2), Nursing in temporary house (2), Nursing in recovery house (2), Nursing in welfare shelter (1) - 2 2
Disaster victim and supporter mind care Japan Care of victims' stress and mind (3), Care of rescuers' stress and mind (3), Care of bereaved people's mind (2) - 3 3
Table 3.
Disaster Management System
Categories Sub-items Main contents Frequency
Korea (n=11) Japan (n=3) Total (n=14)
National disaster management system Disaster related system Korea Japan Constitution (2), Disaster and safety management basic law (11), Act on the prevention and management of infectious diseases (3), Medical law, Emergency medical service act (1) Disaster and constitution (1), Basic law for disaster countermeasures (2), Act on disaster prevention (1), Act on disaster emergency measures (1), Disaster relief act (2), Act on disaster restoration and recovery (1), Insurance system for disaster activities (1), Victim support system (2), Legislative activities (1), Legal problems of disaster Nursing (1) 11 3 14
Disaster organization Korea Ministry of public safety and security (9), Safety management committee (8), Disaster safety measures headquarters (7), Emergency rescue control group (4), Each ministry of government (5) 8 2 10
Japan Organization system in case of a hospital disaster (2), Organization system in the case of a community disaster (2), Organization system in the case of a school disaster (2)
Disaster management system Korea Disaster situation management system (3), National disaster management information (4), Emergency disaster reporting system (1), Emergency disaster notification system (1), Infectious disease management system (2), Response system by disaster type (1), Special disaster area management system (1), Emergency medical system (1), Medical support system (1) 7 1 8
Japan Support system of the country (1), Support system of prefecture, city, borough, dong (1)
Public health system Korea Necessity (3), Role of public health (2), Disaster management function model (1) 3 - 3
DMSFC Korea U.S (2), Japan (2) 2 - 2
Volunteer activity Japan Contents of volunteer activity (2), Mind attitude of volunteer activity (2), Goods necessary for activity (2), Safety management of volunteer activity (1), Service, coordinator (2) - 3 3
International disaster relief Overview of international disaster relief Common International evacuation relief request (2), Need for international cooperation (5), Characteristics of international disaster / international disaster site (4), Humanitarian response / humanitarian charter / International humanitarian law (6), Characteristics of international disaster relief / Minimum standards for disaster relief (4) 9 1 10
Korea Characteristics of international disaster site (1)
International relief organizations Common WHO (10), (UNICEF, UNHCR) United nations organization (14), (unicef)International refugee organization, United nations children's fund (10) 11 3 14
Domestic relief organizations Korea KOICA (6) Korea international cooperation agency (6), Foundation for international healthcare/Korean foundation for international healthcare (4), Korea disaster relief team (2) 8 - 8
Japan International cooperation organization (3), JPF, JDR (3) - 3 3
Non-govern mental disaster relief agency Common Korea Oxfam (4), Doctors without borders, MSF (Mdedcins Sans Frontiere) (8), World vision (4), Save the children; Child relief agency (6), CARE (3) Good neighbors (3), International red cross organization (10), Health cluster (4) 10 3 13
Disaster nursing in the age of globalization Korea Japan Role of nurses participating in international disaster relief activities (5) Great east Japan earthquake (2), Relief activities in overseas disasters (2), Nursing job for internationalization (2) 5 2 7

DMSFC=Disaster management system of foreign countries

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