Journal List > J Gynecol Oncol > v.30(6) > 1134475

Liu, Li, Li, Xie, Qin, Peng, and Cheng: Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis from 18 F-FDG PET/CT in lymph node metastases and risk stratification of endometrial carcinoma

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), measured by preoperative 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT), in risk stratification of patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).

Methods

The patients with pathological diagnosis of EC who underwent preoperative 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively selected for analysis of the prognostic values of PET parameters in risk classification and lymph node metastases (LNMs). Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis was used to analyze the correlation of PET parameters cutoff values with deep myometrial invasion (MI), lymphovascular space involvement and LNM for prognostic values in risk stratification.

Results

The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for detection of LNM are 83.3%, 99.7%, 90.9%, 99.5% and 99.2%, respectively. The MTV and TLG of primary lesion of EC in the patients with LNM are notably higher than those in patients without LNM, p<0.010. The MTV and TLG of the EC primary lesions in high-risk patients are significantly higher than those in low-risk patients (p<0.010), but the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is not. The MTV and TLG of primary lesions were superior to SUVmax for predicting of deep MI, LNM and high-risk of EC (p<0.005).

Conclusion

MTV and TLG of primary lesions are more valuable in predicting risk stratification of EC patients. Preoperative 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging is useful in predicting the LNM of EC and may help guide pelvic lymphadenectomy to avoid unnecessary pelvic lymphadenectomy in EC patients with low-risk stratification.

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Fig. 1.
A high-risk EC patient, 55 years, EC G3, FIGO stage IIIC1, with positive LNM and LVSI. The SUVmax, MTV and TLG of primary lesion (A) are 22.39, 61.24 and 589.74, respectively. The SUVmax in left external iliac LNM (B) is 5.34, more than the 5.22 of cutoff value, confirmed as LNM, but the SUVmax in left common iliac lymph node (C) is 4.05, less than the 5.22 of cutoff value, confirmed as negative LNM by pathology. EC, endometrial carcinoma; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; LNM, lymph node metastasis; LVSI, lymphovascular space involvement; MTV, metabolic tumor volume; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.
jgo-30-e89f1.tif
Fig. 2.
ROC curves for various tumor quantifications for prediction of MI (A), LNMs (B), LVSI (C) and risk stratification (D) in patients with endometrial carcinoma. The p-values refer to test of equal areas under the curve across tumor quantifications AUCs. AUC, area under the curve; LNM, lymph node metastasis; LVSI, lymphovascular space involvement; MI, myometrial invasion; MTV, metabolic tumor volume; ROC, receiver-operating-characteristic; SUV, standardized uptake value; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.
jgo-30-e89f2.tif
Table 1.
The histopathological data of patients with EC (n=41)
Characteristic Case (%)
Histopathology type  
 Type I 37 (90.2)
 Type II 4 (9.8)
Histopathology grade  
 G1 22 (53.7)
 G2 11 (26.8)
 G3 8 (19.5)
FIGO stage  
  Stage I 27 (65.9)
  Ia 21 (51.2)
  Ib 6 (14.6)
  Stage II 3 (7.3)
  Stage III 11 (26.8)
MI  
 <1/2 27 (65.9)
  ≥1/2 14 (34.1)
LVSI  
 Negative 32 (78.1)
 Positive 9 (21.9)
LNM  
 Negative 34 (82.9)
 Positive 7 (17.1)
Risk stratification  
 Low-risk 22 (53.7)
 High-risk 19 (46.3)

Histopathology type: type I is endometrial adenocarcinoma; type II is serous cell carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, sarcomas and low-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma, etc. Histopathology grade: G1 is high differentiated tumor, G2 is middle differentiated tumor and G3 is low differentiated tumor. MI: MI<1/2 indicated that the focus of EC be limited to a depth of less than half of the endometrium or the infiltrating muscle layer, MI≥1/2 indicated that the depth of invasive myometrium of endometrial carcinoma is greater than half. The EC patient with FIGO stage Ia and superficial MI (MI<1/2) was classified to low-risk group, otherwise to the high-risk group.

EC, endometrial carcinoma; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; MI, myometrial invasion; LNM, lymph node metastasis; LVSI, lymphovascular space involvement.

Table 2.
TLG, MTV and SUVmax in MI, LNM, LVSI and risk stratification group
Group Case (%) SUVmax MTV TLG
MI        
<1/2 27 (65.9) 10.95±5.71 7.08±5.96 46.21±52.53
 ≥1/2 14 (34.1) 14.55±5.33 39.37±44.06 387.17±523.56
 p-value   >0.050 <0.001 <0.005
LVSI        
 Negative 32 (78.1) 10.79±5.48 7.45±5.75 48.90±45.84
 Positive 9 (21.9) 17.12±3.90 55.98±47.69 566.99±587.00
 p-value   <0.005 <0.001 <0.001
LNM        
 Negative 34 (82.9) 11.80±5.65 10.94±15.35 84.13±132.56
 Positive 7 (17.1) 14.03±6.51 52.90±54.43 543.89±695.25
 p-value   >0.050 <0.001 <0.001
Risk stratification        
 Low-risk 22 (53.7) 11.11±6.02 6.73±6.21 47.54±59.42
 High-risk 19 (46.3) 13.41±5.38 31.28±40.01 295.88±471.65
 p-value   >0.050 <0.010 <0.050

LNM, lymph node metastasis; LVSI, lymphovascular space involvement; MI, myometrial invasion; MTV, metabolic tumor volume; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.

Table 3.
The ROC curve parameters of primary lesion of EC in different groups
Group AUCs (95% CI) p-value Cutoff Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%)
Deep MI          
 SUVmax 0.709 (0.538–0.880) 0.030 12.4 78.6 66.7
 MTV 0.817 (0.672–0.962) 0.001 11.8 71.4 85.2
 TLG 0.831 (0.682–0.979) 0.001 98.3 71.4 92.6
LVSI          
 SUVmax 0.609 (0.366–0.852) 0.368 14.9 57.1 73.5
 MTV 0.832 (0.679–0.985) 0.006 17.2 71.4 85.3
 TLG 0.782 (0.589–0.974) 0.020 79.8 71.4 80.6
LNM          
 SUVmax 0.784 (0.634–0.934) 0.014 14.2 66.8 71.9
 MTV 0.898 (0.774–1.000) 0.001 19.8 77.8 93.7
 TLG 0.909 (0.794–1.000) 0.001 166.9 75.0 96.9
Risk stratification          
 SUVmax 0.639 (0.463–0.815) 0.129 11.3 78.9 63.6
 MTV 0.787 (0.641–0.933) 0.002 9.5 73.7 81.8
 TLG 0.778 (0.627–0.928) 0.002 51.7 84.2 77.3

AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; EC, endometrial cancer; LNM, lymph node metastasis; LVSI, lymphovascular space involvement; MI, myometrial invasion; MTV, metabolic tumor volume; ROC, receiver-operating-characteristic; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.

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