Recently there is an increased incidence of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis in adults. The authersanalyzed 45 proven cases of tuberculous memdiastinal lymphadenitis that had presented with a mediastinal or hilarmass on plain chest radiography. The results were as follows: 1. Toral 45 cases were 20 males and 25 females. The3rd decade(51.1%) was the most prevalent age group. 2. The most common clinical symptom was fever(53.3%), followedby cough (48.9%) and weight loss(35.6%). And 5 cases(11.1%) were symptom-free. 3. The most frequently identifiedinvolving site was right lower paratracheal node in 31 cases (68.9%). And right upper paratracheal nodeinvolvement and right tracheobronchial node involvement were 19 cases(42.4%) and 16 cases(35.6%) respectively.Unilateral nodal involvement(66.7%) was more common and right side predominence(80%) was noted. 4. Mediastinallymph node enlargemenet without pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates were 11 cases(24.4%). Associated pulmonaryinfiltration were noted in 26 cases (57.7%) and pleural involvement was noted in 12 cases(26.7%). The possibilityof tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis should be initially considered in the differential diagnosis ofmediastinal lymphadenopathy on simple radiography of young and old adults, especially in the presence ofparenchymal infiltrations and/or pleural involvement.