Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.25(3) > 1133347

Kim, Sung, Kim, and Park: Factors Influencing HPV Vaccination Intention in Mothers with Elementary School Daughters

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination-related health belief, attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and subjective norms on HPV vaccination intent targeting mothers of elementary school daughters.

Methods

The study use a correlative survey design. The subjects of the study were 121 mothers of elementary school daughters located in metropolitan city B. All subjects agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected from September 1 to October 18, 2018, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA with a post hoc Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results

Attitude toward HPV vaccination, subjective norms, vaccination plans for their children, and mother’s vaccination status were significant factors influencing HPV vaccination intention. These factors accounted for 72% of the HPV vaccination intention.

Conclusions

This study showed that factors affecting the intention of mothers of elementary school daughters to vaccinate against HPV were HPV vaccination attitudes, subjective norms, vaccination plans for their children, and mother’s vaccination status. The biggest influencing factor was HPV vaccination attitudes. Therefore, in order to encourage mothers of elementary school daughters to vaccinate against HPVs, national-level policies should be implemented to create a social atmosphere of positive attitudes toward HPV vaccinations that also emphasizes how easy it is to get vaccinated against HPV. Based on this, mothers of elementary school daughters should be encouraged to have them vaccinated against HPV, thus contributing to improving the HPV vaccination rates of elementary school girls.

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Table 1.
General Characteristics of Subjects and Their children (N=121)
Characteristics Categories n(%)
Age (year) <40 40 (33.0)
40–44 63 (52.1)
≥45 18 (14.9)
Marriage Married 119 (98.3)
Unmarried 2 (1.7)
Education High school 27 (22.3)
≥University 94 (77.7)
Income (per month) (10,000 won) <200 16 (15.2)
200–229 32 (30.5)
300–399 23 (21.9)
≥400 34 (32.4)
Religion No 63 (52.1)
Yes 58 (47.9)
Job No 27 (22.3)
Yes 94 (77.7)
Family history for cervical cancer No 113 (93.4)
Yes 8 (6.6)
Experience of Pap test No 16 (13.2)
Yes 105 (86.8)
Regularity for the Pap test (n=105) No 27 (25.7)
Yes 78 (74.3)
Gynecological disease No 87 (71.9)
Yes 34 (28.1)
Recognition of HPV No 7 (5.8)
Yes 114 (94.2)
Information routes for HPV§ (n=114) TV, newspaper, internet 56 (49.1)
Book, pamphlet 12 (10.5)
Family 7 (6.1)
Friend, acquaintance 32 (28.1)
Medical institution 74 (64.9)
Etc. 2 (1.8)
Aware of free vaccination for children No 21 (17.4)
Yes 100 (82.6)
Mother’s vaccination status No 91 (75.2)
Yes 30 (24.8)
No. of children 1 18 (14.9)
2 87 (71.9)
≥3 16 (13.2)
Child’s grade 1 23 (19.0)
2 30 (24.8)
3 15 (12.4)
4 23 (19.0)
5 21 (17.4)
6 26 (21.5)
Child’s vaccination status No 107 (88.4)
Yes 14 (11.6)
A vaccination plan for children (n=107) No 12 (11.2)
Yes 95 (88.8)
Reason for vaccination§ (n=14) Recommendation of family 1 (7.1)
Prevention of disease 9 (64.3)
Free vaccination 6 (42.9)
Reason for no vaccination§ (n=12) Worry about side effects 8 (66.7)
Unknown 1 (8.3)
Uncertainty in the effectiveness of vaccination 5 (41.7)
High price 2 (16.7)
Very young age 1 (8.3)
Additional information about vaccination§ Related disease 81 (66.9)
Effect 70 (57.9)
Cost 29 (24.0)
Target age&frequency 45 (37.2)
Others 7 (5.8)
Aware of proper age of vaccination for children (year) ≤12 63 (52.1)
13–15 44 (36.4)
≥16 14 (11.6)

Pap=papillomavirus; HPV=human papillomavirus.

Pap test;

HPV;

§ Multiple response.

Table 2.
Differences in HPV Vaccination Intention by Subjects and Their Children’s General Characteristics (N=121)
Characteristics Categories M±SD t/F (p)
Age (year) <40 5.73±0.88 .96 (.387)
40–44 5.98±0.95
≥45 5.54±1.40
Marriage Married 5.78±1.01 −.07 (.943)
Unmarried 5.83±0.71
Education High school 5.72±1.08 −.39 (.699)
≥University 5.80±0.99
Income (per month) (10,000 won) <200 5.65±1.16 1.56 (.204)
200–229 6.02±0.98
300–399 5.42±0.94
≥400 5.70±1.10
Religion No 5.65±1.03 1.51 (.134)
Yes 5.93±0.97
Job No 6.05±0.70 −1.98 (.052)
Yes 5.71±1.07
Family history for cervical cancer No 5.77±1.02 .51 (.610)
Yes 5.96±0.68
Experience of Pap test No 5.52±1.10 1.12 (.265)
Yes 5.82±0.99
Regularity for the Pap test (n=105) No 5.32±1.08 −.23 (.820)
Yes 6.00±0.90
Gynecological disease No 5.79±0.98 −.05 (.957)
Yes 5.77±1.08
Recognition of HPV No 6.00±0.69 −.59 (.557)
Yes 5.77±1.02
Aware of free vaccination for children No 5.73±0.89 .26 (.795)
Yes 5.79±1.03
Mother’s vaccination status No 5.61±1.07 4.79 (<.001)
Yes 6.30±0.49
No. of children 1 5.87±0.89 .14 (.871)
2 5.78±1.03
≥3 5.69±1.04
Child’s vaccination status No 5.77±1.03 .30 (.768)
Yes 5.86±0.79
A vaccination plan for children (n=107) No 4.06±1.23 7.57 (<.001)
Yes 5.99±0.77
Aware of proper age of vaccination for children (year) ≤12 5.84±0.99 .35 (.709)
13–15 5.68±1.03
≥16 5.86±1.04

M±SD=mean±standard deviation; Pap=papillomavirus; HPV=human papillomavirus.

PAP test;

HPV;

§ Multiple response.

Table 3.
Health Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norms and Vaccination Intention of Human Papillomavirus (N=121)
Variables M±SD Min Max Range
Health beliefs
Total 30.45±3.76 22 40 11–44
Perceived sensitivity 7.87±1.83 3 12 3–12
Perceived seriousness 6.69±1.22 2 8 2–8
Perceived benefit 6.31±1.05 2 8 2–8
Perceived barrier 9.59±2.35 4 16 4–16
Attitude 17.96±2.59 9 21 3–21
Subjective norms 16.26±3.30 6 21 3–21
Vaccination intention 5.78±1.00 2 7 1–7

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 4.
Relationships among Human Papillomavirus Vaccination related Health Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norms on Vaccination Intention (N=121)
Variables Health beliefs Attitude Subjective norms Intention
Total Perceived sensitivity Perceived seriousness Perceived benefit Perceived barrier
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Health beliefs (total) 1
Perceived sensitivity .60 (<.001) 1
Perceived seriousness .69 (<.001) .50 (<.001) 1
Perceived benefit .59 (<.001) .37 (<.001) .43 (<.001) 1
Perceived barrier .50 (<.001) −.23 (.009) .00 (.957) −.01 (.833) 1
Attitude .46 (<.001) .31 (.001) .26 (.004) .51 (<.001) .13 (.146) 1
Subjective norms .35 (<.001) .21 (.019) .18 (.038) .34 (<.001) .14 (.117) .63 (<.001) 1
Intention .42 (<.001) .26 (.003) .26 (.004) .50 (<.001) .11 (.215) .79 (<.001) .66 (<.001) 1
Table 5.
Factor affecting on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intention (N=121)
Factors B SE β t p R2 Adj. R2
(Constant) 2.63 .64 - 4.09 <.001 - -
Attitude .55 .09 .48 6.28 <.001 .63 .63
A vaccination plan for children (yes=1, no=0) .78 .20 .24 3.95 <.001 .67 .67
Subjective norms .23 .06 .25 3.76 <.001 .71 .70
Mother’s vaccination status (yes=1, no=0) .31 .13 .13 2.45 .016 .73 .72
F=69.46, p<.001

B=unstandardized coefficients; SE=standard error; Adj. R2=adjusted coefficient of determination R2.

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