Effect of Exercise Stage-Matched Intervention for Elderly Women with Chronic Back Pain in the Contemplation and Preparation Stage

Hyun-Ju Oh; Soon-Rim Suh; Mihan Kim

doi:10.7475/kjan.2019.31.4.414

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Oh, Suh, and Kim: Effect of Exercise Stage-Matched Intervention for Elderly Women with Chronic Back Pain in the Contemplation and Preparation Stage

Original Article

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2019; 31(4): 414-426.

Published online: 23 August 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2019.31.4.414

Effect of Exercise Stage-Matched Intervention for Elderly Women with Chronic Back Pain in the Contemplation and Preparation Stage

Hyun-Ju Oh¹

, Soon-Rim Suh²

, Mihan Kim³

¹Ph D, College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

²Professor, College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

³Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kim, Mihan. Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, 50 Gamasil-gil, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan 38428, Korea. Tel: +82-53-600-5661, Fax: +82-53-600-5661, mhk-clara@hanmail.net

Received 27 March 2019 Revised 31 May 2019 Accepted 28 June 2019

Korean Society of Adult Nursing

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to develop a stage-matched intervention based on the TransTheoretical Model (TTM) for elderly women with chronic back pain in the contemplation and preparation stage and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

Fifty elderly women with chronic back pain (experimental group, n=25; control group, n=25) was recruited from elderly welfare centers. The research was a nonequivalent control group pre- posttest experimental design. The process of change for exercise, exercise decisional balance, and exercise self-efficacy were used as interventional strategies. To examine the effectiveness of this program, the dependent variables, back pain and muscle strength, were measured before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the intervention, from May 16 to August 26, 2016. The data were analyzed with the χ² test, independent t-test, two way repeated measured ANOVA.

Results

The process of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and muscle strength were improved and back pain was decreased in the experimental group as compared with the control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the stage-matched intervention was effective for improving the process of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and muscle strength in elderly women with chronic back pain in the contemplation and preparation stage. It's wider implementation in community settings will promise promoted exercise activity among elderly women with chronic back pain.

Keywords: Aged, Low back pain, Exercise

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Exercise Program based on Transtheoretical Model

CR=consciousness raising; DR=dramatic relief; ER=environmental reevaluation; SR=self reevaluation; SL=self-liberation; HR=helping relationship.

Table 2

Intervention Strategies in Phone Coaching

EDB=exercise decisional balance; ESE=exercise self-efficacy; PCE=process of change for exercis; CR=consciousness raising; DR=dramatic relief; ER=environmental reevaluation; SL=self-liberation; SR=self reevaluation.

Table 3

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics, and Dependent Variables between Experimental and Control Group (N=50)

Cont.=control group; Exp.=experimental group; BMI=body mass index; Pros=benefits; Cons=loss; ^†Fisher's exact test.

Table 4

Difference of Variables by Time and Group (N=50)

Cont.=control group; Exp.=experimental group; Pros=benefits; Cons=loss; ^†Two way repeated measures ANCOVA.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This article is revision of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Kyungpook National University.

Notes

^{CONFLICTS OF INTEREST} The authors declared no conflict of interest.

^AUTHORSHIP

Study conception and design acquisition - OH-J and SS-R.
Data collection - OH-J.
Analysis and interpretation of the data - OH-J, SS-R and KM.
Drafting and critical revision of the manuscript - OH-J, SS-R and KM.

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ORCID iDs

Hyun-Ju Oh
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6940

Soon-Rim Suh
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-9685

Mihan Kim
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-4190

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