Clinical Features of Children with +4.00 Diopters or More Hyperopia Weaning with Age

Seung Yeop Lee; Aram Park; Seung Ah Chung

doi:10.3341/jkos.2019.60.8.773

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Lee, Park, and Chung: Clinical Features of Children with +4.00 Diopters or More Hyperopia Weaning with Age

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2019; 60(8): 773-779.

Published online: 20 August 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2019.60.8.773

Clinical Features of Children with +4.00 Diopters or More Hyperopia Weaning with Age

Seung Yeop Lee, MD, Aram Park, MD, Seung Ah Chung, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Seung Ah Chung, MD, PhD. Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University Hospital, #164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea. Tel: 82-31-219-5257, Fax: 82-31-219-5259, mingming8@naver.com

Received 21 March 2019 Revised 15 April 2019 Accepted 18 July 2019

The Korean Ophthalmological Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical features of children with high hyperopia weaning with age.

Methods

The medical records of 203 children wearing spectacles due to hyperopia of +4.00 diopters (D) or greater in at least one eye based on the cycloplegic refraction and with follow-up for 3 years or more were reviewed. The patients were divided into those who showed a decrease in the spherical equivalent (SE) of 1.50 D or greater and those who maintained. The age of wearing spectacles, the magnitude of hyperopia, the angle of deviation, the ratio of accommodative-convergence to accommodation (AC/A), and the frequency of amblyopia and anisometropia were compared.

Results

Forty seven patients with decreased hyperopia and 156 patients with sustained hyperopia were included. The decreased-group started to wear spectacles later than the sustained-group (5.0 ± 2.3 years vs. 4.1 ± 2.4 years). The mean SE of the hyperopic eye in the decreased-group was significantly greater at the initial visit than in the sustained-group (6.29 ± 2.18 D vs. 5.47 ± 1.38 D); was identical at the 1 year follow-up (4.83 ± 1.72 D vs. 4.89 ± 1.55 D); and significantly lower at the last follow-up (3.15 ± 1.72 D vs. 4.65 ± 1.56 D). In the decreased-group, the mean hyperopia of 3.14 ± 2.02 D decreased during a mean period of 3.9 years, especially during the first year after spectacle correction. At baseline, the frequency and angle of esotropia at both distant and near with/without hyperopic correction was significantly larger in the sustained-group. The frequency of amblyopia and anisometropia and the AC/A were identical between the two groups, while the frequency of amblyopia at the last follow-up was significantly lower in the decreased-group.

Conclusions

Some patients with hyperopia of +4.00 D or greater who had none or a small angle of esotropia and improved amblyopia showed a decrease in hyperopia with age.

Keywords: Amblyopia, Emmetropia, Esotropia, Growth, High hyperopia

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the patients with hyperopia of +4.00 D or more

Baseline characteristics of the patients showed a decrease in the spherical equivalent of 1.50 D or more and those maintained the degree of hyperopia. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). Esodeviation is indicated with (+) value, Exodeviation is with (−) value.

SE = spherical equivalent; D = diopter; PD = prism diopter; AC/A = ratio of accommodative-convergence to accommodation.

^* Independent t-test; ^† chi-square test.

Table 2

Mean spherical equivalent of the patients with hyperopia of +4.00 D or more according to the follow-up

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range).

D = diopter.

Table 3

Amblyopia of the patients with hyperopia of +4.00 diopters (D) or more

Amblyopia of the patients showed a decrease in the spherical equivalent of 1.50 D or more and those maintained the degree of hyperopia.

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

^* Chi-square test; ^† independent t-test.

Notes

^{Conflicts of Interest} The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

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