Journal List > J Korean Fract Soc > v.32(3) > 1130294

Park, Oh, Lee, Park, and Lim: Principles for Management of Periprosthetic Acetabular Fractures after Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract

Periprosthetic acetabular fracture (PAF) is an uncommon complication following hip arthroplasty. However, as the number of people needing hip prostheses continues to rise, the absolute number of PAF is expected to increase as well. These fractures may occur either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Postoperative fractures can be caused by traumatic events or by pathologic conditions related to periacetabular osteolysis. The management of PAF usually depends on the degree of displacement and the stability of the acetabular component. While most of non-displaced fractures can be managed non-operatively by protected weight bearing, displaced fractures with unstable implants require surgical intervention, which is often technically challenging. This review summarized the latest findings on the epidemiology, the diagnosis, the classification, and the treatment of PAF.

References

1. Davidson D, Pike J, Garbuz D, Duncan CP, Masri BA. Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures during total hip arthroplasty. Evaluation and management. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 90:2000–2012. 2008.
2. Simon P, von Roth P, Perka C. Treatment algorithm of acetabular periprosthetic fractures. Int Orthop. 39:1995–2003. 2015.
crossref
3. Helfet DL, Ali A. Periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum. Instr Course Lect. 53:93–98. 2004.
4. Kim YS, Callaghan JJ, Ahn PB, Brown TD. Fracture of the acetabulum during insertion of an oversized hemispherical component. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 77:111–117. 1995.
crossref
5. Sharkey PF, Hozack WJ, Callaghan JJ, et al. Acetabular fracture associated with cementless acetabular component insertion: a report of 13 cases. J Arthroplasty. 14:426–431. 1999.
6. Curtis MJ, Jinnah RH, Wilson VD, Hungerford DS. The initial stability of uncemented acetabular components. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 74:372–376. 1992.
crossref
7. Haidukewych GJ, Jacofsky DJ, Hanssen AD, Lewallen DG. Intraoperative fractures of the acetabulum during primary total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 88:1952–1956. 2006.
crossref
8. Chatoo M, Parfitt J, Pearse MF. Periprosthetic acetabular fracture associated with extensive osteolysis. J Arthroplasty. 13:843–845. 1998.
crossref
9. Chitre A, Wynn Jones H, Shah N, Clayson A. Complications of total hip arthroplasty: periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 6:357–363. 2013.
crossref
10. Benazzo F, Formagnana M, Bargagliotti M, Perticarini L. Periprosthetic acetabular fractures. Int Orthop. 39:1959–1963. 2015.
crossref
11. Miller AJ. Late fracture of the acetabulum after total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 54:600–606. 1972.
12. McElfresh EC, Coventry MB. Femoral and pelvic fractures after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 56:483–492. 1974.
crossref
13. Peterson CA, Lewallen DG. Periprosthetic fracture of the acetabulum after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 78:1206–1213. 1996.
crossref
14. Takigami I, Ito Y, Mizoguchi T, Shimizu K. Pelvic discontinuity caused by acetabular overreaming during primary total hip arthroplasty. Case Rep Orthop. 2011:939202. 2011.
crossref
15. Della Valle CJ, Momberger NG, Paprosky WG. Periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum associated with a total hip arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect. 52:281–290. 2003.
16. Berry DJ, Lewallen DG, Hanssen AD, Cabanela ME. Pelvic discontinuity in revision total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 81:1692–1702. 1999.
crossref
17. Zwartelé RE, Witjes S, Doets HC, Stijnen T, Pöll RG. Cementless total hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 132:535–546. 2012.
crossref
18. McGrory BJ. Periprosthetic fracture of the acetabulum during total hip arthroplasty in a patient with Paget's disease. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 28:248–250. 1999.
19. Desai G, Ries MD. Early postoperative acetabular discontinuity after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 26:1570.e17–e19. 2011.
crossref
20. Martin JR, Barrett IJ, Sierra RJ, Lewallen DG, Berry DJ. Preoperative radiographic evaluation of patients with pelvic discontinuity. J Arthroplasty. 31:1053–1056. 2016.
crossref
21. Goodman SB, Adler SJ, Fyhrie DP, Schurman DJ. The acetabular teardrop and its relevance to acetabular migration. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 236:199–204. 1988.
crossref
22. Onsten I, Carlsson AS, Ohlin A, Nilsson JA. Migration of acetabular components, inserted with and without cement, in one-stage bilateral hip arthroplasty. A controlled, randomized study using roentgenstereophotogrammetric analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76:185–194. 1994.
crossref
23. Udomkiat P, Wan Z, Dorr LD. Comparison of preoperative radiographs and intraoperative findings of fixation of hemispheric porous-coated sockets. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83:1865–1870. 2001.
crossref
24. Fehring KA, Howe BM, Martin JR, Taunton MJ, Berry DJ. Preoperative evaluation for pelvic discontinuity using a new reformatted computed tomography scan protocol. J Arthroplasty. 31:2247–2251. 2016.
crossref
25. Gelalis ID, Politis AN, Arnaoutoglou CM, Georgakopoulos N, Mitsiou D, Xenakis TA. Traumatic periprosthetic acetabular fracture treated by acute one-stage revision arthroplasty. A case report and review of the literature. Injury. 41:421–424. 2010.
crossref
27. Callaghan JJ, Kim YS, Pederson DR, Brown TD. Periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum. Orthop Clin North Am. 30:221–234. 1999.
crossref
28. Duncan CP, Haddad FS. The Unified Classification System (UCS): improving our understanding of periprosthetic fractures. Bone Joint J. 96:713–716. 2014.
29. Pascarella R, Sangiovanni P, Cerbasi S, et al. Periprosthetic acetabular fractures: a new classification proposal. Injury. 49(Suppl 3):S65–S73. 2018.
crossref
30. Ko PS, Chan WF, Wong MK, Leung MF, Lee OB, Lam JJ. Fixation using acetabular reconstruction cage and cancellous allografts for intraoperative acetabular fractures associated with cementless acetabular component insertion. J Arthroplasty. 19:643–646. 2004.
crossref
31. Springer BD, Berry DJ, Cabanela ME, Hanssen AD, Lewallen DG. Early postoperative transverse pelvic fracture: a new complication related to revision arthroplasty with an uncemented cup. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87:2626–2631. 2005.
32. Whaley AL, Berry DJ, Harmsen WS. Extra-large uncemented hemispherical acetabular components for revision total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83:1352–1357. 2001.
crossref
33. Paprosky W, Sporer S, O'Rourke MR. The treatment of pelvic discontinuity with acetabular cages. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 453:183–187. 2006.
crossref
34. Rogers BA, Whittingham-Jones PM, Mitchell PA, Safir OA, Bircher MD, Gross AE. The reconstruction of periprosthetic pelvic discontinuity. J Arthroplasty. 27:1499–1506. .e1,. 2012.
crossref

Fig. 1.
(A) A 55-year-old female underwent total hip arthroplasty due to rheumatoid arthritis on her left hip. (B) Fractures on the superior and inferior ramus were found after the patient suffered a minor trauma at 8 months postoperatively. Arrows indicate pubic rami fractures. (C) The fractures were healed after 6 months with conservative management. The acetabular component was stable without pain.
jkfs-32-148f1.tif
Fig. 2.
(A) Postoperative radiograph of a 52-year-old female with developmental dysplasia of the hip. (B) Non-displaced fracture of the posterior column was observed in the Lowenstein lateral radiograph at 2 months postoperatively. An arrow indicates posterior column fracture. (C) The fracture was healed with callus formation after 4 months of protected weight-bearing.
jkfs-32-148f2.tif
Fig. 3.
(A) A 55-year-old female with secondary osteoarthritis due to tuberculosis sequelae underwent total hip arthroplasty. (B) Eighteen-year postoperative radiograph showed severe osteolytic lesions around the acetabular cup and proximal stem. A minor traumatic event caused periprosthetic acetabular and greater trochanteric fractures. (C-E) The corresponding computed tomography scan indicated pelvic discontinuity caused by a transverse acetabular fracture. Arrows indicate fracture lines causing pelvic discontinuity. (F, G) Massive impaction bone grafting was performed, followed by acetabular revision using a 64-mm jumbo cup with multiple screw holes.
jkfs-32-148f3.tif
Fig. 4.
(A, B) The acetabular prosthesis became unstable due to a traumatic periprosthetic acetabular fracture. (C, D) The three-dimensional reconstruction images showed a displaced acetabular fracture involving both columns and the iliac wing. (E, F) After removing the previous prosthesis, the fracture was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with two reconstruction plates. The acetabular component was revised with the help of tantalum metal block and additional screws. Three-month postoperative radiographs showed stable implant fixations.
jkfs-32-148f4.tif
Fig. 5.
(A, B) Preoperative radiographs showing a displaced acetabular fracture with the protrusion of the bipolar cup into the pelvic cavity. (C, D) Computed tomography images showed comminuted fracture of the medial wall of the acetabulum. (E) The displaced quadrilateral surface was visualized through the modified Stoppa approach. (F-H) After open reduction of depressed articular surface of the acetabulum, buttress plating was performed using reconstruction plates and screws. (I, J) Five-month postoperative radiographs showed the stable bipolar component in the congruent hip joint.
jkfs-32-148f5.tif
Table 1.
Classification of Periprosthetic Acetabular Fractures by David son et al.1
Type I Nondisplaced fracture not compromising the stability of the implant
Type II Nondisplaced fracture that may compromise the stability of the implant
Type III Displaced fracture
Table 2.
Classification of Periprosthetic Acetabular Fractures by Pas-carella et al.29
Timing Implant stability
1. Intraoperative a. Implant stable
fractures b. Implant unstable
2. Postoperative/ traumatic fractures a. Implant stable
b. Implant unstable, mobilized simultaneously with trauma
  c. Implant unstable, mobilized before trauma (osteolysis/bone loss)
TOOLS
Similar articles