Mediating Effects of Burnout between Time Pressure and Safety Care Activities of Nurses

Jungim Yun; Hyun-mi Son

doi:10.11111/jkana.2019.25.3.248

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Yun and Son: Mediating Effects of Burnout between Time Pressure and Safety Care Activities of Nurses

Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(3):248-257.

Published online: 17 January 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.3.248

Mediating Effects of Burnout between Time Pressure and Safety Care Activities of Nurses

Jungim Yun¹, Hyun-mi Son²

¹Dongeui Medical Center

²College of Nursing, Pusan National University

Corresponding author: Son, Hyun-Mi, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8315, Fax: +82-51-510-8308, E-mail: hmson@pusan.ac.kr

Received 27 February 2019 Revised 18 March 2019 Accepted 18 March 2019

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

This study was done to identify the effects of nurses’ time pressure on their safety care activities through the mediation of burnout.

Methods:

Participants, 147 nurses with at least one year of work experience in two university hospitals were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from July 31, to August 31, 2017 and analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. SPSS 23.0 was used for analysis. Mediating effects were examined with stepwise simple and complex regression, and statistical significance was verified with the Sobel test.

Results:

Time pressure and burnout were significantly negatively correlated with safety care activities, and there was a positive correlation between time pressure and burnout. Regarding the mediating effects of burnout in the relationship between time pressure and safety care activity, time pressure had a significant effect on safety care activity both directly and indirectly through burnout, confirming a partial mediation effect of burnout.

Conclusion:

Strategies for enhancing work efficiency to reduce nurses’ time pressure are needed to promote safety care activities. Furthermore, because burnout facilitated by time pressure among nurses influences their patient care activities, interventions for burnout management must also be implemented simultaneously.

Keywords: Patient safety, Time pressure, Burnout, Nurses

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Table 1.

General and Work Characteristics of Participants (N=147)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD
Age (year)	＜25	37 (25.2)	27.18±3.95
	≥25~＜30	81 (55.1)
	≥30	29 (19.7)
Marital status	Single	122 (83.0)
	Married	25 (17.0)
Religion	Yes	45 (30.6)
	No	102 (69.4)
Education level	College	26 (17.7)
	Bachelor or higher	121 (82.3)
Workplace	Medical ward	72 (49.0)
	Surgical ward	59 (40.1)
	Pediatric/Maternity ward	16 (10.9)
Clinical career (year)	1~2	52 (35.4)	4.39±3.03
	3~4	39 (26.5)
	5~6	27 (18.4)
	≥7	29 (19.7)
Current position career (year)	＜1	19 (12.9)	3.21±2.21
	1~2	56 (38.1)
	3~4	34 (23.1)
	5~6	28 (19.0)
	≥7	10 (6.8)
Work hours per day	≤8.0	30 (20.4)	9.37±0.90
	＞8.0	117 (79.6)
Safety education experience	Yes	122 (83.0)
	No	25 (17.0)

Table 2.

Time Pressure, Burnout, and Safety Care Activities (N=147

Characteristics	M±SD	Range	Min	Max
Time pressure	6.04±0.92	4.00~7.00	1	7
Burnout	4.68±0.64	3.41~6.08	1	7
Emotional burnout	5.46±1.08	2.22~7.00	1	7
Dehumanization	5.03±1.02	2.60~7.00	1	7
Decrease in personal achievement	3.56±0.82	1.75~7.00	1	7
Safety care activities	4.38±0.40	3.33~4.88	1	5
Medication	4.35±0.57	2.00~5.00	1	5
Falls	4.31±0.46	2.83~5.00	1	5
Infection	4.58±0.46	2.75~5.00	1	5
Fire safety	4.11±0.79	2.00~5.00	1	5
Patient identification	4.37±0.61	2.00~5.00	1	5
Communication	3.98±0.83	2.00~5.00	1	5
Blood transfusion	4.58±0.47	2.25~5.00	1	5
Patient education	4.23±0.53	2.80~5.00	1	5
Facility inspection	4.89±0.39	2.00~5.00	1	5

Table 3.

Difference in Patient Safety Activities by General and Work Characteristics (N=147)

Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p
Age (year)	＜25^a	4.18±0.38	6.48	.002
	≥25~＜30^b	4.36±0.38	a＜b, c*
	≥30^c	4.60±0.26
Marital status	Single	4.34±0.42	-2.48	.014
	Married	4.56±0.28
Religion	Yes	4.43±0.42	0.96	.337
	No	4.36±0.40
Education level	College	4.36±0.39	-0.29	.770
	Bachelor or higher	4.38±0.41
Workplace	Medical ward	4.30±0.44	2.67	.073
	Surgical ward	4.44±0.37
	Pediatric/Maternity ward	4.48±0.33
Clinical career (year)	1~2^a 3~4^b	4.22±0.41 4.50±0.37	5.35 b, d＞a*	.002
	5~6^c ≥7^d	4.38±0.36 4.50±0.40
Current position career (year)	＜1^a 1~2^b 3~4^c 5~6^d	4.42±0.44 4.25±0.41 4.47±0.39 4.37±0.37	4.11 e＞b*	.004
	≥7^e	4.73±0.13
Work hours per day	≤8.0	4.45±0.33	1.15	.252
	＞8.0	4.36±0.42
Safety education experience	Yes	4.38±0.40	0.09	.929
	No	4.37±0.43

*Scheffé test.

Table 4.

Correlation among Time Pressure, Burnout, and Safety Care Activities (N=147)

Variables	Time pressure	Burnout
Variables	r (p)	r (p)
Burnout	.25 (.002)
Safety care activities	-.30 (＜.001)	-.28 (.001)

Table 5.

Mediating Effects of Burnout between Time Pressure and Safety Care Activities (N=147)

Models	B	SE	β (p)	R²	Adj. R²	F (p) Z (p)
I. Time pressure → Burnout	0.17	0.06	.25 (.002)	.06	.06	9.71 (.002)
II. Time pressure → Safety care activity	-0.13	0.04	-.30 (＜.001)	.09	.08	14.05 (＜.001)
III. Time pressure → Safety care activity Burnout → Safety care activity	-0.11 -0.14	0.04 0.05	-.24 (.003) -.22 (.006)	.13	.12	11.17 (＜.001) 2.07 (.039)

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