Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction among Korean Nurses: A Meta-Analysis

Hee Jin Chung; Sung Hee Ahn

doi:10.11111/jkana.2019.25.3.157

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Chung and Ahn: Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction among Korean Nurses: A Meta-Analysis

Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(3):157-166.

Published online: 17 January 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.3.157

Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction among Korean Nurses: A Meta-Analysis

Hee Jin Chung¹, Sung Hee Ahn^2,

¹Graduate School, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea

²College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea

Corresponding author: Ahn, Sung Hee, College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-7409, Fax: +82-2-2258-7772, E-mail: shahn@catholic.ac.kr

Received 12 July 2018 Revised 29 October 2018 Accepted 29 January 2019

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

This study was undertaken to understand the determinants of job satisfaction for hospital nurses in Korea. Organization culture is deemed as a strong factor which contributes to overall job satisfaction.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases to identify Korean studies for the years 1998 to 2017. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Ver 2.0 was then utilized in data analysis.

Results:

A meta-analysis of data from 36 studies indicated that the overall effect size of correlation between organizational culture and job satisfaction was moderate (ESr=.36), and publication year was negatively associated with these factors in the meta-regression model. In addition, the magnitude of the types of organizational culture and job satisfaction varied according to size of the hospitals: innovation-oriented culture for secondary hospitals (ESr=.49) and relation-oriented culture for tertiary hospitals (ESr=.46). Lastly, of four different organizational cultures, innovation-oriented culture showed the strongest correlation with job satisfaction (ESr=.50), followed by relation-oriented culture (ESr=.49), and task-oriented culture (ESr=.30).

Conclusion:

Results indicate that nursing organization culture plays a significant role in Korean nurses’ job satisfaction. The implication of the study is that creating an innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in hospitals may effectively promote nurses’ job satisfaction more than hierarchy-oriented culture.

Keywords: Nurses, Organizational culture, Job satisfaction, Meta-analysis

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Figure 1.

Flow chart of preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA).

Figure 2.

Publication bias by funnel plot & trim and fill method.

Table 1.

General Characteristics of Studies (N=36)

Author (year)	Source	Sample size	Size of hospital	Measurement tool
				Organizational culture			Job satisfacction
				Instrument (original developer, year)	n	Cronbach's ⍺	Instrument (original developer, year)	n	Cronbach' ⍺	QR 's
Lee (1998)	T	1,118	Tert	Lee MH	24	.78	Taylor et al. (1972)	7	.81	10/H
Chung (1999)	J	316	Tert K	Kimberly & Quinn (1984)	24	.60~.74	NA	9	.82	9/M
Lee et al. (2001)	J	672	Tert	Lee KH et al.	13	.54~.80	Lee KH et al.	3	.76	10/H
Kim (2002)	T	238	Second, Tert	Lee MH (1998)	8	.69	Brayfield et al. (1951)	18	.73	10/H
Lee (2002)	T	229	Second	Lee MS	25	.86	Slavitt et al. (1988)	24	NA	10/H
Lee (2002)	J	950	Second, Tert	Lee MH (1998)	24	.68~.90	Taylor et al. (1972)	16	.81	9/M
Han (2002)	J	487	NA	Han SJ	20	NA	Han SJ	10	.79	10/H
Shin (2003)	T	271	Second	Lee MH (1998)	24	.53~.85	Taylor et al. (1972)	7	.77	10/H
Son (2003)	J	287	NA	Lee MH (1998)	24	.78	Stamps et al. (1972)	35	.81	10/H
Lee (2003)	T	504	Tert Q	Quinn & McGrath (1985)	16	.78	Mowday et al. (1979)	20	.80	10/H
Kim (2004)	T	100	NA	Kim YH	20	.71	Kim YH	15	.62	9/M
Park (2005)	T	393	Prim, Second, Tert	Han SJ (2002)	20	68~.84	Han SJ (2002)	10	.76	10/H
Yoo et al. (2005)	J	255	NA	Han SJ (2002)	20	.70~.89	Han SJ (2002)	10	.83	10/H
Yang (2006)	J	73	Tert	Kim MS et al. (2004)	20	.78	Stamps et al. (1972)	27	.88	8/M
Jeon (2006)	T	157	Second	Lee MH (1998)	24	.60~.87	Taylor et al. (1972)	7	.79	10/H
Cho (2006)	T	276	Tert	Kim YJ et al. (1997)	20	.58~.80	Cho KJ	5	NA	8/M
Choi (2006)	T	379	Second, Tert	Han SJ (2002)	20	.54~.84	Stamps et al. (1972)	41	.84	10/H
Shim (2007)	T	230	Tert	Lee MH (1998)	24	NA	Taylor et al. (1972)	7	.87	10/H
Lee et al. (2008)	J	264	Tert	Han SJ (2002)	20	.81	Paula (1978)	18	.77	9/M
Choung (2008)	T	260	Tert	Park SY et al. (2001)	28	.61~.90	Song MS (2005)	18	.91	9/M
Lee (2009)	T	309	Tert	Han SJ (2002)	20	.61~.88	Han SJ (2002)	10	.83	10/H
Choi (2009)	T	292	NA	Han SJ (2002)	20	.80	Han SJ (2002)	10	.83	11/H
Han (2009)	J	232	Tert	Han SJ (2002)	20	.81	Paula (1978)	18	.74	10/H
Han et al. (2009)	J	451	Second, Tert	Han SJ (2002)	20	.88	Paula (1978)	18	.86	9/M
Lee (2010)	T	110	Tert	Lee MH (1998)	24	.81	Stamps et al. (1972)	25	.71	9/M
Lee et al. (2011)	J	206	NA	Lee MS (2002)	25	.89	Stamps et al. (1972)	20	.78	9/M
Jang et al. (2011)	J	343	Second, Tert	Han SJ (2002)	20	.64~.88	Stamps et al. (1972)	9	.79	10/H
Cho et al. (2012)	J	341	NA	Han SJ (2002)	20	.89	Han SJ (2002)	10	.89	9/M
Han (2012)	T	783	Secon, Tert	Kim CE (2008)	19	.64~.90	Park MS (2009)	34	.89~.91	10/H
Yun (2014)	T	223	Second, Tert	Lee MH (1998)	24	.78	Taylor et al. (1972)	7	.85	10/H
Lee et al. (2014)	J	276	Second	Han SJ (2002)	20	.54~.84	Stamps et al. (1972)	40	.93	9/M
Choi et al. (2014)	J	286	NA	Han SJ (2002)	20	.64~.88	Stamps et al. (1972)	9	.78	9/M
Lim (2015)	T	160	NA	Han SJ (2002)	13	.65~.97	Mowday et al. (1979)	5	.91	10/H
Jang (2015)	T	215	NA	Park SY et al. (2001)	19	.84	Park SY et al. (2001)	10	.72	9/M
Park (2016)	T	293	Second, Tert	Lee MS (2002)	11	.80	Stamps et al. (1972)	12	.86	9/M
Shin (2017)	T	175	NA	Lee MS (2002)	25	.88	Paula (1978)	20	.74	9/M

QR=Quality rating; M=Medium; H=High; T=Thesis; J=Journal; Prim=Primary hospital; Second=Secondary hospital; Tert=Tertiary hospital; NA=Not applicable.

Table 2.

Effect Size of Nursing Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction

Variables	Categories		K	ESr	SE	95%	% CI	I²	Q	p
Source of article	Journal		56	.36	.03	.28	.44	97.62	2,309.29	＜.001
	Thesis		90	.33	.02	.26	.39	96.70	2,694.73	＜.001
	Total		146	.34	.02	.29	.39	97.10	5,004.14	＜.001
Size of hospital	Prim ‧ Second ‧ Tert		4	.41	.04	.10	.65	94.85	58.30	＜.001
	Second		32	.27	.02	.16	.38	93.00	442.54	＜.001
	Second ‧ Ter	rt	21	.38	.06	.25	.50	98.45	1,293.85	＜.001
	Tert		55	.32	.03	.23	.40	97.48	2,143.30	＜.001
	NA		34	.40	.03	.30	.49	96.46	930.77	＜.001
	Total		146	.34	.02	.27	.41	97.10	5,004.12	＜.001
Types of	Second	RO	3	.41	.01	.27	.54	68.25	6.30	.043
organizational culture		IO	3	.49	.01	.36	.61	33.81	3.02	.221
and size of hospital		HO	3	-.07	.01	-.23	.09	66.75	6.02	.049
		TO	3	.38	.05	.23	.51	90.39	20.81	＜.001
	Total		12	.32	.03	.05	.54	94.28	192.241	＜.001
	Tert	RO	14	.46	.03	.33	.57	94.87	253.35	＜.001
		IO	13	.45	.01	.32	.57	87.14	93.34	＜.001
		HO	13	.03	.06	-.13	.18	97.54	487.08	＜.001
		TO	11	.21	.07	.05	.37	97.73	440.15	＜.001
	Total		51	.30	.03	.07	.49	97.60	2,080.23	＜.001
Types of	RO		31	.49	.01	.42	.55	92.85	419.36	＜.001
organizational culture	IO		30	.50	.01	.43	.57	85.81	204.40	＜.001
	HO		29	-.01	.03	-.11	.08	96.67	841.45	＜.001
	TO		28	.30	.03	.21	.38	97.11	933.32	＜.001
	Total		118	.33	.02	.08	.54	97.34	4,394.55	＜.001
Random effects model			146	.36	.02	.29	.43	97.10	5004.12	＜.001

K=Number of the effect size; SE=Standard error; ESr=Effect size r; CI=Confidence Interval; Prim=Primary hospital; Second=Secondary hospital; Tert=Tertiary hospital; NA=Not applicable; RO=Relation-oriented; IO=Innovation-oriented; HO=Hierarchy-oriented; TO=Task-oriented.

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