Associations of Spiritual Well-being, Attitude toward Death and Quality of Life among Alcoholics Anonymous

Sangmin Lee; Moonhee Gang

doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2019.28.2.114

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Lee and Gang: Associations of Spiritual Well-being, Attitude toward Death and Quality of Life among Alcoholics Anonymous

Original Article

J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2019;28(2):114-123.

Published online: 20 June 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2019.28.2.114

Associations of Spiritual Well-being, Attitude toward Death and Quality of Life among Alcoholics Anonymous

Sangmin Lee¹, Moonhee Gang^2,

¹Team Manager, Cheongju Community Addiction Management Center, Cheongju

²Professor, College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Dejeon, Korea

College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Moonhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea. Tel: +82-42-580-8332, Fax: +82-42-580-8309, E-mail: mhgang@cnu.ac.kr

Received 13 February 2019 Revised 1 April 2019 Accepted 27 April 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the study was to investigate associations of spiritual well-being, attitude toward death, and quality of life among Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

Methods

This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in design. The data was collected from August to September 2018 with 133 AA members drawn from two provinces of South Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Turkey tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program.

Results

The existential spiritual well-being (β=.52, p<.001), attitude toward death (β=.24, p<.001), dual diagnosis (β=-.17, p=.003), occupation (β=.12, p=.035) of the participants were significant factors, which explained 63.7% of the variance of quality of life.

Conclusion

The study findings highlight the need to develop psychological nursing strategies to enhance the spiritual well-being and improve a positive attitude toward death based on the job and dual diagnosis among AA members to improve their better quality of life.

Keywords: Alcoholics anonymous, Spirituality, Attitude to death, Quality of life, Alcohol-related disorders

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Table 1.

General Characteristics of Study Participants (N=133)

Characteristics	Categories	n(%)
Sex	Male Female	101 (75.9) 32 (24.1)
Age (year)	＜40 40∼49 50∼59 ≥60	19 (14.3) 47 (35.3) 46 (34.6) 21 (15.8)
Marital status	Single Married/remarriage/cohabitation Divorce/bereavement/separation	33 (24.8) 52 (39.1) 48 (36.1)
Cohabitant	Yes No	79 (59.4) 54 (40.6)
Education	≤Middle school High school ≥College	21 (15.8) 61 (45.9) 51 (38.3)
Religion	Yes No	87 (65.4) 46 (34.6)
Occupation	Yes No	81 (60.9) 52 (39.1)
Monthly income (10,000 won)	＜100 100∼199 200∼299 ≥300	56 (42.1) 31 (23.3) 16 (12.0) 30 (22.6)
Dual diagnosis	Alcohol addiction only Alcohol addiction+ mood disorderx Alcohol addiction+others	88 (66.2) 25 (18.8) 20 (15.0)
Number of admission	0 1∼4 ≥5	9 (6.8) 69 (51.9) 55 (41.3)
Age of onset (year)	＜40 40∼49 ≥50	66 (49.6) 47 (35.4) 20 (15.0)
Number of attendance in AA (month)	≤10 ≥11	64 (48.1) 69 (51.9)
Period of attendance in AA (year)	＜1 1∼5 6∼10 ≥11	15 (11.3) 57 (42.9) 29 (21.8) 32 (24.0)
Duration of abstinence from alcohol (year)	＜1 1∼5 6∼9 ≥10	33 (24.8) 56 (42.1) 21 (15.8) 23 (17.3)

AA=alcoholics anonymous.

Table 2.

Spiritual Well-being, Attitude toward Death and Quality of Life (N=133)

Variables	M±SD	Min∼Max
Total spiritual well-being	4.40±0.86	2.10∼6.00
Religious spiritual well-being	4.31±0.99	1.40∼6.00
Existential spiritual well-being	4.50±0.88	1.70∼6.00
Attitude toward death	2.96±0.47	1.24∼3.88
Total quality of life	3.37±0.60	1.92∼4.50

Table 3.

Differences in Quality of Life by General Characteristics (N=133)

Characteristics	Categories	Quality of life
Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t or F	p	Tukey HSD test
Sex	Male	3.38±0.61	0.59	.557
Sex	Female	3.31±0.57
Age (year)	＜40	3.49±0.57	1.24	.298
	40∼49	3.42±0.60
	50∼59	3.36±0.60
	≥60	3.16±0.59
Marital status	Single	3.32±0.64	0.13	.871
	Married/remarriage/cohabitation	3.39±0.53
	Divorce/bereavement/separation	3.37±0.64
Cohabitant	Yes	3.34±0.64	–0.48	.630
Cohabitant	No	3.39±0.57
Education	≤Middle school^a	3.37±0.59	3.48	.034	b＜c
	High school^b	3.23±0.61
	≥College^c	3.53±0.55
Religion	Yes	3.42±0.59	1.41	.160
Religion	No	3.27±0.61
Occupation	Yes	3.48±0.54	2.85	.005
Occupation	No	3.19±0.63
Monthly income (10,000 won)	＜100^a	3.13±0.58	5.92	.001	a＜b, d
	100∼199^b	3.51±0.61
	200∼299^c	3.43±0.56
	≥300^d	3.62±0.48
Dual diagnosis	Alcohol addiction only^a	3.54±0.53	13.64	＜.001	a＞b, c
	Alcohol addiction+mood disorder^b	2.97±0.58
	Alcohol addiction+others^c	3.10±0.56
Number of admission	0	3.51±0.41	0.26	.766
	1∼4	3.36±0.57
	≥5	3.36±0.65
Age of onset (year)	＜40	3.36±0.63	0.27	.759
	40∼49	3.40±0.60
	≥50	3.29±0.49
Number of attendance in AA (month)	≤10	3.32±0.62	–0.95	.342
Number of attendance in AA (month)	≥11	3.41±0.57
Period of attendance in AA (year)	＜1	3.26±0.53	0.18	.904
	1∼5	3.40±0.64
	6∼9	3.37±0.51
	≥10	3.36±0.64
Duration of abstinence from alcohol (year)	＜1	3.20±0.56	2.17	.094
	1∼5	3.40±0.63
	6∼9	3.29±0.51
	≥10	3.59±0.57

AA=alcoholics anonymous.

Table 4.

Correlation among Spiritual Well-being, Attitude toward Death and Quality of Life (N=133)

Variables	1	2	3	4	5
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
1. Total spiritual well-being	1
2. Religious spiritual well-being	.93 (＜.001)	1
3. Existential spiritual well-being	.91 (＜.001)	.70 (＜.001)	1
4. Attitude toward death	.29 (＜.001)	.20 (.050)	.35 (＜.001)	1
5. Total quality of life	.63 (＜.001)	.47 (＜.001)	.71 (＜.001)	.49 (＜.001)	1

Table 5.

Factors associated with Quality of Life (N=133)

Variables	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Variables	β	t	p	β	t	p	β	t	p
(Constant)		36.12	＜.001		6.50	＜.001		2.61	＜.001
Education (college)^†	.16	2.03	.044	.09	1.66	.099	.09	1.72	.086
Occupation (yes)^†	.16	1.89	.061	.18	2.91	.004	.12	2.12	.035
Monthly income (≥2 million won)^†	.02	0.32	.744	.04	0.68	.497	.08	1.38	.168
Dual diagnosis (yes)^†	–.36	–4.60	＜.001	–.18	–3.10	.002	–.17	–3.01	.003
Religious spiritual well-being				.01	0.20	.836	.03	0.50	.614
Existential spiritual well-being				.62	7.69	＜.001	.52	6.59	＜.001
Attitude toward death							.24	4.29	＜.001
Adj. R²	.21			.58			.63
F (p)	9.66 (＜.001)			32.22 (＜.001)			34.07 (＜.001)
ΔR²	–			.37			.05
F (p)				59.63 (＜.001)			18.43 (＜.001)

^† Dummy variables had the followed referent groups: Education (up to high school=0), Occupation (no=0), Monthly income (up to 1.99 million won=0), Dual diagnosis (no=0).

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