Abstract
Background and Purpose
Methods
Results
Acknowledgements
References
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Supplementary Materials
Supplementary Table 1
Supplementary Table 2
Supplementary Table 3
Supplementary Table 4
Supplementary Table 5
Fig. 1
Flowchart of participants according to the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. ABI: ankle-brachial index.
![jcn-15-159-g001](/upload/SynapseXML/0145jcn/thumb/jcn-15-159-g001.jpg)
Fig. 2
Examples of cerebral small-vessel diseases. The arrows indicate high-grade white-matter hyperintensities (A), cerebral microbleeds (B), high-grade perivascular spaces (C), and an asymptomatic lacunar infarctions (D).
![jcn-15-159-g002](/upload/SynapseXML/0145jcn/thumb/jcn-15-159-g002.jpg)
Table 1
Clinical characteristics and comparison of study patients according to different values of the IASBD and the IADBD
![jcn-15-159-i001](/upload/SynapseXML/0145jcn/thumb/jcn-15-159-i001.jpg)
Data are n (%) or mean±SD values.
ABI: ankle-brachial index, ALIs: asymptomatic lacunar infarctions, baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, CMBs: cerebral microbleeds, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, HPVSs: high-grade perivascular spaces, HWHs: high-grade white-matter hyperintensities, IADBD: interarm diastolic blood pressure difference, IASBD: interarm systolic blood pressure difference, NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, SBP: systolic blood pressure, SVD: small-vessel disease.
Table 2
Clinical characteristics and comparison of the study patients according to the presence of different types of cerebral SVDs
![jcn-15-159-i002](/upload/SynapseXML/0145jcn/thumb/jcn-15-159-i002.jpg)
Data are n (%) or mean±SD values.
*p<0.05, †p<0.1.
ABI: ankle-brachial index, ALIs: asymptomatic lacunar infarctions, baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, CMBs: cerebral microbleeds, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, HPVSs: high-grade perivascular spaces, HWHs: high-grade white-matter hyperintensities, IABD: interarm blood pressure difference, IADBD: interarm diastolic blood pressure difference, IASBD: interarm systolic blood pressure difference, NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, SBP: systolic blood pressure, SVDs: small-vessel diseases.
Table 3
Results of the multivariate analysis for the presence of cerebral SVDs according to IASBD and IADBD
![jcn-15-159-i003](/upload/SynapseXML/0145jcn/thumb/jcn-15-159-i003.jpg)
Data are odds ratio (95% CI) values. Adjusted for sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and baPWV (a), adjusted for sex, age, hypercholesterolemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, antihypertensive medication after admission, and baPWV (b), adjusted for sex, age, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and baPWV (c), and adjusted for sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, alcohol intake, and baPWV (d).
*p<0.05, †p<0.1.
ALIs: asymptomatic lacunar infarctions, baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, CMBs: cerebral microbleeds, HPVSs: high-grade perivascular spaces, HWHs: high-grade white-matter hyperintensities, IABD: interarm blood pressure difference, IADBD: interarm diastolic blood pressure difference, IASBD: interarm systolic blood pressure difference, SVDs: small-vessel diseases.
Table 4
Association of IABD with the total SVD score
![jcn-15-159-i004](/upload/SynapseXML/0145jcn/thumb/jcn-15-159-i004.jpg)
*Results from multivariate linear regression with total SVD score as the dependent variable and with adjustment for sex, age and variables with p<0.1 in the univariate analysis (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome, alcohol intake, left ventricular hypertrophy, and baPWV).
baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, IABD: interarm blood pressure difference, IADBD: interarm diastolic blood pressure difference, IASBD: interarm systolic blood pressure difference, SE: standard error, SVDs: small-vessel diseases.