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Abstract
Background
Blood culture is an important method for identifying infectious microorganisms and confirming that a selected antimicrobial treatment is appropriate. In this study, we investigated the annual changes in the frequencies of blood isolates and antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results.
Methods
We created a large database comprising data on all patient-unique blood cultures obtained from January 2007 through December 2016. Blood specimens were cultured using the BD BACTEC FX system, and species identification and AST were performed using the VITEK 2 system.
Results
During the 10-year study period, a total of 203,651 blood culture results were collected. Of these, gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods, and fungi were isolated in 2.15%, 0.55%, and 0.12% of the blood cultures, respectively. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated species (22.8%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8.0%). Fungal species were isolated in 3.0% of all positive blood cultures. Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species (1.1%), followed by Candida parapsilosis (0.6%). Methicillin resistance was seen in 55.2% of S. aureus isolates. The frequencies of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) were 13.1% and 10.9%, respectively. The isolation rates of MRSA, VRE, and CRPA showed different patterns each year.
References
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Fig. 2.
Proportion of isolated organisms from blood cultures according to department of medicine between 2007 and 2016. Abbreviations: ER, Emergency Room; MG, Medicine of Gastroenterology; MO, Medicine of Oncology; MN, Medicine of Nephrology; MC, Medicine of Cardiovascular; GS, General Surgery; NS, Neurological Surgery; MF, Medicine of Infectious Diseases; MR, Medicine of Respiratory.
Fig. 3.
Ten-year trend of percent resistance to ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, rifampin, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin for S. aureus. Abbreviations: CIP, ciprofloxacin; OXA, oxacillin; RIF, rifampin; SXT, cotrimoxazole; VAN, vancomycin; %R, % resistance.
Fig. 4.
Ten-year trend of percent resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin for E. faecium and E. faecalis. Abbreviations: EFM, E. faecium; EFA, E. faecalis; AMP, ampicillin; VAN, vancomycin; %R, % resistance.
Fig. 5.
Ten-year trend of percent resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Abbreviations: ECO, E. coli; KPN, K. pneumoniae; 3rd cepha, third-generation cephalosporins; FQ, fluoroquinolone; %R, % resistance.
Fig. 6.
Ten-year trend of percent resistance to imipenem and fluoroquinolone for P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Abbreviations: PAE, P. aeruginosa; ABA, A. baumannii; IPM, imipenem; FQ, fluoroquinolone; %R, % resistance.
Table 1.
Relatively common species of isolated bacteria by age group
Table 2.
Frequency of bacterial isolates from blood cultures
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