Factors related to Asthma in Korean Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016

Mi-Jeong Yun

doi:10.7475/kjan.2019.31.3.259

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Yun: Factors related to Asthma in Korean Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016

Original Article

Korean J Adult Nurs 2019;31(3):259-268.

Published online: 21 June 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2019.31.3.259

Factors related to Asthma in Korean Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016

Mi-Jeong Yun

Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Ulsan College, Ulsan, Korea

Corresponding author: Yun, Mi-Jeong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-4479 Department of Nursing, Ulsan College, 101 Bongsu-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan 44022, Korea. Tel: +82-52-230-0737, Fax: +82-52-230-0730, E-mail: mjyun@uc.ac.kr

Received 22 February 201911 April 2019 Accepted 2 May 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of asthma and related factors in Korean adults using national health statistics.

Methods

This study used statistical data from the 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were 5,841 adults aged 19 years or older. The collected data included questions about general, health and disease-related characteristics. Data were analyzed by complex sample test and complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program.

Results

The prevalence of asthma was 2.7%. Factors related to asthma were age (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.21, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.32~3.70), depression (OR=2.62, 95% CI=1.41~4.86), allergic rhinitis (OR=3.51, 95% CI=2.26~5.45), and atopic dermatitis (OR=5.82, 95% CI=3.21~10.53).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that asthma-related factors in Korean adults were age, depression, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, considering these factors, it may be helpful to educate about depression - related nursing intervention for asthma patients and to prevention of allergic antigen exposure for asthma patients.

Keywords: Asthma, Adult, Depression, Rhinitis, allergic, Dermatitis, atopic

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Table 1.

Prevalence of Asthma in Adults (N=5,842)

Group	n	Weight n	Weight %
Asthma group	165	1,061,056.66	2.7
Non-asthma group	5,677	38,563,635.08	97.3

Table 2.

Comparison of General, Health-related, and Disease-related Characteristics of Asthma Group and Non-asthma Group (N=5,842)

Characteristics	Categories	Non-asthma group (n=5,677)		Asthma group (n=165)		x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n^†	weight %	n	weight %	x² or t	p
Gender	Women	3,227	50.3	115	64.7	12.77	.004
Gender	Men	2,450	49.7	50	35.3
Age (year)	19~64	4,246	84.3	88	65.3	32.67	.001
Age (year)	≥65	1,431	15.7	77	34.7
Education^‡	Middle school or less	1,764	24.0	90	44.2	29.32	.001
	High school	1,808	36.3	39	26.8
	College or more	2,067	39.7	34	29.0
Household income^‡	Low	1,077	16.0	64	32.3	27.96	.001
	Low to middle	1,402	23.3	37	23.1
	Middle to high	1,565	29.8	28	18.5
	High	1,618	30.9	35	26.1
House type	General house^§	2,574	44.1	91	56.8	9.90	.007
House type	Apartment	3,103	55.9	74	43.2
Administrative district	Dong^‖	4,586	84.6	127	78.7	3.69	.116
Administrative district	Eup^¶, Myeon^#	1,091	15.4	38	21.3
Smoking^‡	Everyday	890	19.0	23	14.6	4.30	.451
	Sometimes	153	3.4	4	4.3
	Past	1,184	21.0	30	17.4
	None	3,421	56.5	106	63.7
Alcohol drinking experience^‡	Yes	3,046	59.5	65	49.9	5.62	.053
Alcohol drinking experience^‡	No	2,605	40.5	97	50.1
BMI (kg/m²)^‡	18.5	218	4.1	5	3.5	3.36	.445
	18.5~24.9	3,461	60.5	101	66.1
	25~29.9	1,681	29.9	53	27.3
	30	311	5.6	6	3.0
Average sleep time during weekdays (hours a day) (M± SE)		7.00±0.02		7.08±0.12		-0.67	.506
Stress^‡	High	1,504	27.5	58	33.9	2.99	.125
Stress^‡	Low	4,140	72.5	105	66.1
Depression^‡	Yes	252	4.4	25	14.5	23.54	.001
Depression^‡	No	5,424	95.6	140	85.5
Allergic rhinitis^‡	Yes	760	14.7	54	36.9	44.98	.001
Allergic rhinitis^‡	No	4,916	85.3	111	63.1
Atopic dermatitis^‡	Yes	145	3.1	16	16.9	47.24	.001
Atopic dermatitis^‡	No	5,531	96.9	149	83.1

BMI=body mass index;

^† n=non-weighted sample size;

^‡ No response excluded;

^§ General house=detached house, row house, multiplex housing, house within commercial building, others.

^‖ A dong is the smallest level of urban government;

^¶ An eup is similar to the unit of town. The minimum population to form an eup is 20,000;

^# Myeons are smaller than eups and represent the rural areas of a county or city.

Table 3.

Factors related to Asthma in Adults (N=5,842)

Characteristics	Categories	B	Odds ratio	95% CI	p
Gender	Women	0.30	1.36	0.89~2.06	.155
Gender	Men	1.00	1.00
Age (year)	19~64	1.00	1.00	1.32~3.70	.003
Age (year)	≥65	0.79	2.21
Education^†	Middle school or less	0.49	1.63	0.86~3.06	.131
	High school	0.01	1.01	0.58~1.77	.963
	College or more	1.00	1.00
Household income^†	Low	0.17	1.18	0.62~2.25	.607
	Low to middle	-0.10	0.91	0.50~1.67	.758
	Middle to high	-0.39	0.68	0.35~1.32	.252
	High	1.00	1.00
House type	General house^‡	0.32	1.38	0.96~1.97	.078
House type	Apartment	1.00	1.00
Depression^†	Yes	0.96	2.62	1.41~4.86	.002
Depression^†	No	1.00	1.00
Allergic rhinitis^†	Yes	1.26	3.51	2.26~5.45	.001
Allergic rhinitis^†	No	1.00	1.00
Atopic dermatitis^†	Yes	1.76	5.82	3.21~10.53	.001
Atopic dermatitis^†	No	1.00	1.00

Goodness of fit test of the model: p＜.001; CI=confidence interval;

^† No response excluded;

^‡ General house=detached house, row house, multiplex housing, house within commercial building, others.

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