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Shin and Kim: Correlates of the Pregnancy Experience and Attitude regarding Weight Change during Pregnancy in Primigravida Women
Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2019;25(2):143-153.

Published online: 19 June 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.2.143

Correlates of the Pregnancy Experience and Attitude regarding Weight Change during Pregnancy in Primigravida Women

Gisoo Shin1, Miok Kim2,

1Professor, Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea

2Assistant professor, College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea

Corresponding author: Miok Kim College of Nursing, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Korea. Tel: +82-41-550-3888 Fax: +82-41-559-7902 E-mail: aprilsea@hanmail.net

Received 28 May 2019       Revised 15 April 2019       Accepted 28 May 2019

Copyright © 2019 Korean Society of Women Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

We aimed to examine the correlations between pregnancy experience and attitude regarding weight change during pregnancy.

Methods:

This correlative study was conducted from July 2017 to October 2017 by involving 156 primigravida women who were over pregnancy 20 weeks in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which included questions on demographic data, experience during pregnancy, and attitude regarding weight change during pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Also, independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for data analysis.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 30.62 years and their score of attitude regarding weight gain during pregnancy was low. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the pregnancy experience and attitude regarding weight gain during pregnancy in primigravida women.

Conclusion:

As a result of analyzing the correlation between pregnancy experience and attitude towards weight gain during pregnancy, it is apparent that attitudes toward weight change are different according to experience during pregnancy in women. Based on these results, it can be concluded that nursing intervention programs are necessitated to enhance the attitude of pregnant primigravida women towards pregnancy and weight gain.

Keywords: Pregnancy, Attitude, Body weight changes

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Table 1.
General Characteristics of Participants (N=156)
Characteristics Categories n(%) M±SD Range
Age (year) ≤35 131 (84.0) 30.62±3.97 18–40
  >35 25 (16.0)    
Last formal education Below high school 37 (23.7)    
  Above college 119 (76.3)    
Job Have 71 (45.5)    
  None 85 (54.5)    
Family monthly income (won) ≤3,000,000 64 (41.0)    
  >3,000,000 92 (59.0)    
Gestational age (weeks) >20–≤28 76 (48.7) 29.12±9.11 20–39
  >28 80 (51.3)    
Planned pregnancy Yes 106 (67.9)    
  No 50 (32.1)    
Abortion experience Yes 37 (23.7)    
  No 119 (76.3)    
Pregnancy complications Yes 5 (3.2)    
  No 151 (96.8)    
Pregnancy via infertility treatment (IUI, IVF) Yes 17 (10.9)    
  No 139 (89.1)    
Experience of sexual transmitted diseases diagnosis in the past Yes 48 (30.8)    
  No 108 (69.2)    
Weight gain during pregnancy according to pre-pregnancy BMI Underweight 25 (16.0)    
  Optimal 95 (60.9)    
  Overweight 36 (23.1)    
Perceived health status Good 102 (65.4)    
  Fair 52 (33.3)    
  Poor 2 (1.3)    
Discomforts related to pregnancy Severe & moderate 115 (73.7)    
  Mild 12 (7.7)    
  No discomforts 29 (18.6)    

M±SD=mean±standard deviation; IUI=intra uterine insemination; IVF=in vitro fertilization; BMI=body mass index.

Table 2.
The Pregnancy Experiences and Attitude toward Weight Gain during the Pregnancy of Participants (N=156)
Characteristics Categories M±SD Range of scale
Pregnancy experiences Positive 2.15±0.55 0–3
  Negative 1.30±0.56 0–3
Attitude toward weight change during pregnancy   2.74±0.44 1–5

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.
The Pregnancy Experiences and Attitude toward Weight Gain during the Pregnancy according to General Characteristics (N=156
Characteristics Categories   Pregnancy experiences   Attitude toward weight gain
    Positive Negative during pregnancy
    M±SD t/F (p) M±SD t/F (p) M±SD t/F (p)
Age (year) ≤35 2.19±0.54 2.33 (.021) 1.09±0.54 −2.03 (.044) 2.72±0.46 1.51 (.131)
  >35 1.91±0.60   1.34±0.53   2.87±0.29  
Last formal education Below high school 2.04±0.57 −1.35 (.177) 1.29±0.58 −0.04 (.967) 2.87±0.33 2.04 (.043)
  Above college 2.18±0.55   1.30±0.56   2.70±0.46  
Job Have 2.21±0.55 −1.31 (.192) 1.29±0.60 −0.12 (.900) 2.76±0.43 0.51 (.611)
  None 2.09±0.55   1.30±0.53   2.73±0.45  
Family monthly income (won) ≤3,000,000 2.08±0.58 −1.31 (.189) 1.26±0.54 0.61 (.539) 2.72±0.51 0.60 (.547)
  >3,000,000 2.20±0.54   1.32±0.58   2.76±0.39  
Gestational age (weeks) ≤28 2.08±0.56 −1.53 (.126) 1.27±0.57 0.49 (.622) 2.70±0,34 1.30 (.193)
  >28 2.21±0.54   1.32±0.56   2.79±0,52  
Planned pregnancy Yes 2.18±0.52 −1.19 (.234) 1.29±0.60 −0.23 (.816) 2.71±0.46 1.20 (.231)
  No 2.07±0.61   1.31±0.48   2.81±0.39  
Abortion experience Yes 2.18±0.52 −0.36 (.714) 1.28±0.58 −0.20 (.836) 2.63±0.55 1.78 (.077)
  No 2.14±0.57   1.30±0.56   2.78±0.40  
Pregnancy complications Yes 1.70±0.85 1.85 (.066) 1.92±0.45 −2.53 (.012) 2.92±0.56 −0.90 (.366)
  No 2.16±0.54   1.28±0.55   2.74±0.44  
Pregnancy via infertility treatment Yes 2.11±0.59 0.26 (.791) 1.25±0.61 −0.32 (.748) 3.27±0.53 0.11 (.530)
(IUI, IVF) No 2.15±0.55   1.30±0.56   3.29±0.83  
Experience of sexual transmitted Yes 2.26±0.62 −1.65 (.099) 1.38±0.48 1.25 (.213) 2.78±0.36 −0.62 (.209)
diseases diagnosis in the past No 2.10±0.52   1.26±0.59   2.73±0.47  
Weight gain during pregnancy Underweight 2.33±0.42 1.72 (.181) 1.26±0.57 0.64 (.527) 2.54±0.31 3.44 (.034)
according to pre-pregnancy BMI Optimal 2.09±0.60   1.27±0.58   2.77±0.51  
  Overweight 2.16±0.50   1.39±0.51   2.82±0.24  
Perceived health status Good 2.19±0.57 1.10 (.333) 1.20±0.53 4.09 (.018) 2.72±0.50 0.48 (.620)
  Fair 2.08±0.50   1.47±0.59b   2.79±0.32  
  Poor 1.80±0.84   1.35±0.49c a<b 2.65±0.11  
Discomforts related to pregnancy Severe 2.15±0.54 0.17 (.836) 1.30±0.52a 3.31 (.039) 2.75±0.48 0.33 (.679)
  Moderate 2.05±0.71   1.40±0.20b   2.80±0.42  
  Mild 2.15±0.54   1.06±0.58c a>c 2.68±0.29  

M±SD=mean±standard deviation; IUI=intra uterine insemination; IVF=in vitro fertilization; BMI=body mass index.

a ,b,cScheffé test.

Table 4.
Correlation between The Pregnancy Experiences and Attitude toward Weight Gain during the Pregnancy (N=156
Characteristics Categories Attitude toward weight gain Pregnancy experiences
    during pregnancy Positive Negative
    r (p) r (p) r (p)
Pregnancy experiences Positive −.29 (.001)    
  Negative .27 (<.001) −.09 (.265)
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