Reproductive Health Promotion Behavior of Infertility Women and Normal Women

Chaenam Lee; Naeyoung Lee

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.2.207

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Lee and Lee: Reproductive Health Promotion Behavior of Infertility Women and Normal Women

Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2019;25(2):207-218.

Published online: 19 June 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.2.207

Reproductive Health Promotion Behavior of Infertility Women and Normal Women

Chaenam Lee¹, Naeyoung Lee^2,

¹Chief Nursing Officer, Hwamyung Ilsin Chritsian Hospital, Busan, Korea

²Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Silla University, Busan, Korea

Corresponding author: Naeyoung Lee Department of Nursing, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700 beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Korea. Tel: +82-51-999-5871 Fax: +82-51-999-6237 E-mail: naeyoungle@silla.ac.kr

Received 20 May 2019 Revised 11 June 2019 Accepted 11 June 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

To compare reproductive health promoting behaviors (RHPBs) of infertile women with those of normal women and identify effects of RHPB on infertility.

Methods:

A total of 148 females (73 infertile women and 75 normal women) were enrolled in this study. Measurements included their general characteristics and RHPB using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ² test, ANCOVA, and hierarchical logistic regression using SPSS.

Results:

There were significant difference in incomes, number of family, number of term deliveries, and number of abortions according to infertility diagnosis. Mean duration of infertility was 32.16 months. Only 12.32% women had known cause of infertility. The most common cause of infertility was unknown. Mean RHPB score was 3.98 for infertile women and 4.41 for normal women. In logistic regression, total RHPB (odds ratio [OR], 0.21) and safe sex of RHPB (OR, 0.66) were significant factors influencing infertility. Infertile women's total RHPB and subcategories of RHPB (safe sex behavior and sexual transmitted disease [STD] prevention) were lower than those of normal women.

Conclusion:

For infertility women, RHPB-related intervention programs are needed, especially information about safe sex behavior and STD prevention.

Keywords: Health promotion, Reproductive health, Infertility, female

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Table 1.

General Characteristics of Subjects (N=148)

Variable	Categories	Total Infertility (n=73) Normal (n=75)			χ² (p)
Variable	Categories		n(%)	n(%)
Age (year)	≤29 30–39 ≥40	19 (12.8) 99 (66.9) 30 (20.3)	9 (12.3) 54 (74.0) 10 (13.7)	10 (13.3) 45 (60.0) 20 (26.7)	4.18 (.124)
Religion Job	Yes No Yes No	85 (57.4) 63 (42.6) 101 (68.2) 47 (31.8)	44 (60.3) 29 (39.7) 45 (61.6) 28 (38.4)	41 (54.7) 34 (45.3) 56 (74.7) 19 (25.3)	0.48 (.510) 2.90 (.112)
Education Incomes (10,000 won)	High school College Graduate <100	24 (16.2) 110 (74.3) 14 (9.5) 10 (6.8)	12 (16.4) 51 (69.9) 10 (13.7) 7 (9.6)	12 (16.0) 59 (78.7) 4 (5.3) 3 (4.0)	3.13 (.209) 15.37 (.004)
Number of family members	100–199 200–299 300–499 ≥500 2	39 (26.4) 56 (37.8) 32 (21.6) 11 (7.4) 55 (37.2)	13 (17.8) 25 (34.2) 24 (32.9) 4 (5.5) 55 (75.3)	26 (34.7) 31 (41.3) 8 (10.7) 7 (9.3) -	(<.001)^†
Type of family	3 4 ≥5 Nuclear	39 (26.4) 47 (31.8) 7 (4.7) 137 (92.6)	12 (16.4) 5 (6.8) 1 (1.4) 65 (89.0)	27 (36.0) 42 (56.0) 6 (8.0) 72 (96.0)	(.075)^†
Spousal support	Extended Others Yes No	6 (4.1) 5 (3.4) 138 (93.2) 10 (6.8)	3 (4.1) 5 (6.8) 68 (93.2) 5 6.8)	3 (4.0) -70 (93.3) 5 (6.7)	(.610)^†
Experience of term deliveries Experience of preterm deliveries	Yes No Yes No	92 (62.2) 56 (37.8) 4 (2.7) 144 (97.3)	17 (23.3) 56 (76.7) 2 (2.7) 71 (97.3)	75 (100.0) -2 (2.7) 73 (97.3)	92.56 (<.001) (.685)^†
Experience of abortion	Yes No	34 (23.0) 114 (77.0)	26 (35.6) 47 (64.4)	8 (10.7) 67 (89.3)	13.01 (<.001)

^† Fisher's exact test.

Table 2.

Infertility-Related Characteristics (N=73)

Variable	Categories	n(%)	M±SD
Duration of infertility (montd)	<24	29 (39.7)	M±SD 32.16±24.40
	24–35	23 (31.5)
Cause of infertility	36–59 ≥60 Female only Male only	9 (12.3) -12 (16.4) 9 (12.3)	-
Female causes of infertility	Both female and male Ovulation disorder Damage to fallopian tubes Endometriosis	64 (87.7) 23 (31.5) 7 (9.6) 9 (12.3)	-
Male causes of infertility	Uterine or cervical causes Unknown causes Spermatogenic disturbance Sperm transport disorder	1 (1.4) 33 (45.2) 2 (2.7) 3 (4.1)	-
	Gonad disorder sexual disorder Unknown causes No response	11 (15.1) 1 (1.4) 47 (64.4) 9 (12.3)

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.

RHPB by Infertility (N=148)

RHPB	Total		Infertility (n=73)		Normal (n=75)		F (p)^†
	Score	Mean score	Score	Mean score	Score	Mean score
	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD
Safe sex behavior	13.78±4.48	3.45±1.12	12.48±3.87	3.12±0.97	5.05±4.69	3.76±1.17	5.66 (.019)
Sexual responsibility	17.43±2.77	4.36±0.69	16.66±2.64	4.17±0.66	18.17±2.69	4.54±0.67	1.73 (.191)
Genital health management	16.74±3.15	4.18±0.79	15.88±3.10	4.00±0.77	17.57±0.99	4.40±0.75	3.30 (.072)
STD prevention	14.02±1.71	4.67±0.57	13.52±1.89	4.51±0.63	14.51±1.35	4.84±0.45	9.04 (.003)
Genital hygiene management Total	13.53±2.11 75.50±10.38	4.51±0.70 4.20±0.58	12.93±2.43 71.47±9.05	4.31±0.81 3.98±0.51	14.12±1.54 79.43±10.12	4.71±0.51 4.41±0.56	1.03 (.311) 7.47 (.007)

RHPB=reproductive health promoting behavior; M±SD=mean±standard deviation; STD=sexual transmitted disease.

^† Covariate: income, number of family members, number of term deliveries, number of abortions.

Table 4.

Effects of RHPB on Infertility

Variable		Model 1^†			Model 2^‡
Incomes (10,000 won)	Exp (B)	95% CI	p	Exp (B)	95% CI	p
<100 100–199 200–299 300–499	4.08 0.88 1.41 5.25	0.66–25.38 0.22–3.54 0.37–5.37 1.21–22.74	.131 .851 .613 .027	2.01 0.64 0.91 3.76	0.28–14.16 0.14–2.87 0.21–3.83 0.79–17.94	.485 .561 .892 .097
≥500	Reference			Reference
RHPB				0.21	0.10–0.46	<.001

RHPB=reproductive health promoting behavior; CI=confidence interval.

^† 2LL=189.26, Cox & Snell R

² =15.9%, Nagelkere R

² =13.6%, χ

² =15.88, p=.003;

^‡ 2LL=169.04, Cox & Snell R

² =21.6%, Nagelkere R

² =28.9%, χ

² =36.11, p<.001.

Table 5.

Effects of Subscale RHPB on Infertility

Variable		Model 1^†			Model 2^‡
	Exp (B)	95% CI	p	Exp (B)	95% CI	p
Incomes (10,000 won)
<100	4.08	0.66–25.38	.131	2.21	0.30–16.19	.436
100–199	0.88	0.22–3.54	.851	0.67	0.14–3.08	.602
200–299	1.41	0.37–5.37	.613	1.05	0.23–4.68	.954
300–499	5.25	1.21–22.74	.027	4.22	0.84–21.09	.080
≥500	Reference			Reference
RHPB
Safe sex behavior				0.66	0.45–0.97	.032
Sexual responsibility				0.96	0.47–1.95	.904
Genital health managem	ment			0.75	0.42–1.32	.314
STD prevention				0.66	0.26–1.64	.370
Genital hygiene manage	ment			0.63	0.29–1.36	.240

RHPB=reproductive health promoting behavior; CI=confidence interval; STD=sexual transmitted disease.

^† 2LL=189.26, Cox & Snell R

² =15.9%, Nagelkere R

² =13.6%, χ

² =15.88, p=.003;

^‡ 2LL=167.43, Cox & Snell R

² =22.5%, Nagelkere R

² =30.0%, χ

² =37.72, p<.001.

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