Abstract
Purpose:
To determine association of contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy among unmarried women in their 30s and 40s.
Methods:
With a survey design, data were collected from 119 unmarried women in their 30s and 40s in G city of Korea from September 2017 to March 2018. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
Results:
Contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were 8.97±2.22, 18.54±5.57, and 45.84 ± 6.90, respectively. Contraceptive self-efficacy was negatively correlated with sexual double standard. Factors influencing contraceptive self-efficacy were sexual double standard (β=−.26, p=.003), existence of boyfriend (β=.25, p=.004), and contraceptive education need for adults (β=.17, p=.044). They explained 19% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants.
Conclusion:
To increase contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s, lowering sexual double standard and developing customized contraceptive education according to age and knowledge level are needed. Research on factors related to contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s from various regions are also needed in the future.
REFERENCES
1.Choi YM., Park YH. Analysis of perceptions of marriage and birth and the pattern of low birth rate. Citizen and Humanities. 2019. 36:101–137.
2.Hwang SW., Chung CW. Structural equation modeling on contraception behavior of unmarried men and women in Korea: gender difference. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2014. 44(2):159–169.
3.Park J., Jang Y., Lee H. Factors related to attitudes toward premarital cohabitation. Family and Family Therapy. 2016. 24(2):249–268. CROSSREF.
4.Hwang SW., Chung CW. Contraception behavior and related factors in unmarried female and male. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2011. 17(1):77–87. CROSSREF.
5.Lee IS., Cho AY. Contraceptive knowledge and contraceptive attitude of female nursing students of a college. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2012. 13(7):3102–3111. CROSSREF.
6.Koh KS. Mediating effects of birth control knowledge in relation to effects of high schoolers' birth control self-efficacy on birth control attitude [master's thesis]. Jeju: Jeju National University;2014. p. 50.
7.Cho GY., Kim YH. Factors affecting sexual autonomy among female university students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Indestrial Cooperation Society. 2014. 15(11):6710–6718. CROSSREF.
8.Cheong K., Seong HG. Effects of double sexual standards on the relationship between marital satisfaction and marital stability. Korean Journal of Population Studies. 2006. 29(1):71–95.
9.Nam YJ. Sexual meaning types and marital satisfaction of the married in their 30s and 40s [dissertation]. Seoul: Seoul National University;2003. p. 137.
10.Choo BS. A qualitative research on college student's sexual double standard. Journal of Future Oriented Youth Society. 2014. 11(4):47–75.
11.Kim YG. The effects of university students' sexual double standard, sexual subjectivity, sexual meaning on their sexual behaviors. Forum for Youth Culture. 2011. 27:8–37.
12.Kim K., Cho E. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the contraceptive self-efficacy scale: Focused on women university students. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2016. 22(3):151–161. CROSSREF.
13.Hamidi OP., Deimling T., Lehman E., Weisman C., Chuang C. High self-efficacy is associated with prescription contraceptive use. Women's Health Issues. 2018. 28(6):509–513.
14.Alvarez C., Villarruel AM., Zhou Y., Gallegos E. Predictors of condom use among Mexican adolescents. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice. 2010. 24(3):187–196.
15.Im B., Park J. The effects of contraception knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risk on the contraception self efficacy of university students. Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21. 2018. 9(4):1621–1636. CROSSREF.
16.Jung HY. Contraception knowledge, contraception self-efficacy among university students. Journal of the Korean Society for Multicultural Health. 2016. 6(1):17–25.
17.Ip WY., Sin LL., Chan DS. Contraceptive self-efficacy and contraceptive knowledge of Hong Kong Chinese women with unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2009. 18(17):2416–2425.
18.Kim JH., Park MY., Cho EA. Effects of sex communication with friends and sexual double standard on contraceptive self-efficacy among university students. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2018. 24(1):14–23. CROSSREF.
19.Kim M. A structural equation model explaining contraception behaviors of married Korean women. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2001. 7(2):141–156.
20.Caron SL., Davis CM., Halteman WA., Stickle M. Predictors of condom-related behaviors among first-year college students. Journal of Sex Research. 1993. 30(3):252–259. CROSSREF.
21.Levinson RA. Contraceptive self-efficacy: a perspective on teenage girls' contraceptive behavior. The Journal of Sex Research. 1986. 22(3):347–369. CROSSREF.
22.Song JE., Chae HJ. Knowledge and educational need about contraceptives according to sex in college students. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2010. 16(4):399–408. CROSSREF.
23.Sridhar A., Friedman S., Grotts JF., Michael B. Effect of theory-based contraception comics on subjective contraceptive knowledge: a pilot study. Contraception. 2019. 99(6):368–372.
24.Park JS., Kim BM., Gwan YE. Influence of psycho-social maturity and self-efficacy for contraceptive on sexual assertiveness of male university students. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2016. 14(9):461–470. CROSSREF.
25.Shim CS. The study on sexual knowledge, contraception knowledge and sexual permissiveness in health department college students. Asia-Pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology. 2016. 6(8):1–14.
26.Kim EA., Lee IY., Lee SH. Study about the experience of the sex education and the perception of the contraceptive pill of the female adolescent. Journal of the Korean Bioethics Association. 2016. 17(1):53–74.
27.Kim J., Choi YH., Kim SK. Analysis of in-service status and educational needs of engineering faculties. Journal of Engineering Education Research. 2008. 11(2):50–64. CROSSREF.
28.Kang HS. An explanatory model of condom use among Korean college students [dissertation]. Seoul: Yonsei University;2001. p. 121.
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Variables | M±SD | Range | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|
Contraceptive knowledge | 8.97±2.22 | 0–15 | 1.00 | 11.00 |
Sexual double standard | 18.54±5.57 | 10–50 | 10.00 | 33.00 |
Contraceptive self-efficacy | 45.84±6.90 | 13–65 | 62.00 | 29.00 |