Association of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy among Unmarried Women in Their 30s and 40s

Kye-ha Kim; Euna Cho

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.2.169

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Kim and Cho: Association of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy among Unmarried Women in Their 30s and 40s

Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2019;25(2):169-181.

Published online: 19 June 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.2.169

Association of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy among Unmarried Women in Their 30s and 40s

Kye-ha Kim¹, Euna Cho^2,

¹Professor, Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea

²Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Honam University, Gwangju, Korea

Corresponding author: Euna Cho Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Honam University, 120 Honamdae-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62399, Korea. Tel: +82-62-940-5549 Fax: +82-62-940-5196 E-mail: jouoa@honam.ac.kr

Received 8 May 2019 Revised 4 April 2019 Accepted 5 June 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

To determine association of contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy among unmarried women in their 30s and 40s.

Methods:

With a survey design, data were collected from 119 unmarried women in their 30s and 40s in G city of Korea from September 2017 to March 2018. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results:

Contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were 8.97±2.22, 18.54±5.57, and 45.84 ± 6.90, respectively. Contraceptive self-efficacy was negatively correlated with sexual double standard. Factors influencing contraceptive self-efficacy were sexual double standard (β=−.26, p=.003), existence of boyfriend (β=.25, p=.004), and contraceptive education need for adults (β=.17, p=.044). They explained 19% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants.

Conclusion:

To increase contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s, lowering sexual double standard and developing customized contraceptive education according to age and knowledge level are needed. Research on factors related to contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s from various regions are also needed in the future.

Keywords: Female, Contraception, Sex, Knowledge, Self efficacy

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Table 1.

General Characteristics and Contraception Characteristics (N=119)

Characteristics		Category	n(%)	M±SD
Age (year)		30–39	107 (89.9)	33.11±4.60
		40–49	12 (10.1)
Educational level		High school, college	25 (21.0)
		University	78 (65.5)
		Graduate school	16 (13.5)
Job		Nurse	57 (47.9)
		Office worker	31 (26.1)
		Others	31 (26.1)
Economic status		Middle	96 (80.7)
		Low	23 (19.3)
Religion		Yes	50 (42.0)
		No	69 (58.0)
Smoking		Yes	3 (2.5)
		No	116 (97.5)
Alcohol drinking		Yes	74 (62.2)
		No	45 (37.8)
Contraceptive education experience		Yes	81 (68.1)
		No	38 (31.9)
Period of contraceptive education (n=81)		Elementary & middle school	30 (37.0)
		High school	35 (43.2)
		After high school	16 (19.8)
Information sources of contraceptive education		School teacher	72 (88.9)
(n=81)		Others	9 (11.1)
Contraceptive education need for adul	lts	Necessary	91 (76.5)
		Moderate	23 (19.3)
		Unnecessary	5 (4.2)
Existence of boyfriend		Yes	59 (49.6)
		No	6 (50.4)
Experience of sexual intercourse		Yes	93 (78.2)
		No	26 (21.8)
First time of sexual intercourse (year) (n=88)		<20	6 (6.8)	24.07±3.40
		20–29	75 (85.2)
		≥30	7 (8.0)
Main contraceptive method (n=93)		Condom	59 (63.4)
		Coitus interruptus	11 (23.7)
		Others	12 (12.9)
Pregnancy experience (n=93)		Yes	5 (5.4)
		No	88 (94.6)
Artificial abortion experience (n=93)		Yes	4 (4.3)
		No	89 (95.7)

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 2.

Level of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy (N=119)

Variables	M±SD	Range	Minimum 1.00	Maximum 11.00
Contraceptive knowledge	8.97±2.22	0–15	1.00	11.00
Sexual double standard	18.54±5.57	10–50	10.00	33.00
Contraceptive self-efficacy	45.84±6.90	13–65	62.00	29.00

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.

Level of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy (N=119)

Variables	M±SD	Range	Minimum	Maximum
Contraceptive knowledge	8.97±2.22	0–15	1.00	11.00
Sexual double standard	18.54±5.57	10–50	10.00	33.00
Contraceptive self-efficacy	45.84±6.90	13–65	62.00	29.00

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 4.

Differences of Contraceptive Self-Efficacy according to the General Characteristics (N=119

Characteristics	Category	Contraceptive self-efficacy
		M±SD	F or t	p (Scheffé)
Age (year)	30–39	45.82±6.98	−0.08	.933
	40–49	46.00±6.37
Educational level	High school, college	45.68±6.28	0.58	.564
	University	45.54±7.11
	Graduate school	47.56±6.90
Job	Nurse	45.09±6.82	1.47	.234
	Office worker	45.42±7.10
	Others	47.65±6.73
Economic status	Middle	45.94±6.78	0.31	.755
	Low	45.43±7.51
Religion	Yes	45.48±6.70	−0.49	.630
	No	46.10±7.08
Smoking	Yes	47.67±8.62	0.46	.644
	No	45.79±6.89
Alcohol drinking	Yes	46.61±6.63	1.57	.120
	No	44.58±7.21
Contraceptive education experience	Yes	46.25±6.52	0.94	.350
	No	44.97±7.65
Period of contraceptive education (n=81)	Elementary & middle school^a	48.57±6.16	3.49	.035 (a>b)
	High school^b	44.43±5.68
	After high school^c	45.88±7.87
Information sources of contraceptive education (n=81)	School teacher	46.43±6.57	0.71	.477
	Others	44.78±6.30
Contraceptive education need for adults	Necessary^a	46.40±6.61	4.11	.019 (a>c)
	Moderate^b	45.43±7.54
	Unnecessary^c	37.60±3.78
Existence of boyfriend	Yes	47.73±7.32	3.06	.003
	No	43.98±5.95
Experience of sexual intercourse	Yes	46.13±6.92	0.86	.390
	No	44.81±6.86
First time of sexual intercourse (year) (n=88)	<20	48.00±7.48	0.26	.774
	20–29	45.99±7.12
	≥30	45.43±6.08
Main contraceptive method (n=93)	Condom	46.61±6.78	0.51	.605
	Coitus interruptus	44.86±7.42
	Others	46.08±6.95
Pregnancy experience (n=93)	Yes	45.60±5.18	−0.18	.862
	No	46.16±7.02
Artificial abortion experience (n=93)	Yes	46.25±5.74	0.04	.972
	No	46.12±6.99

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 5.

Correlations among the Variables (N=119

Variables	Contraceptive	Sexual double	Contraceptive
Variables	knowledge	standard	self-efficacy
	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Contraceptive knowledge	1	-	-
Sexual double standard	−.16 (.083)	1	-
Contraceptive self-efficacy	.13 (.153)	−.31 (.001)	1

Table 6.

Influencing Factors on Contraceptive Self-efficacy (N=119)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p
Sexual double standard	−0.32	0.11	−.26	−3.04	.003
Existence of boyfriend	3.43	1.16	.25	2.96	.004
Need of contraception education for adults	2.74	1.35	.17	2.04	.044
R²=.17; Adj. R²=.19, F=8.84, p<.001

B=unstandardized coefficients; SE=standard error; β=standardized coefficients; Adj. R

² =adjusted coefficient of determination R.

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