Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.25(2) > 1127362

Kim and Cho: Association of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy among Unmarried Women in Their 30s and 40s

Abstract

Purpose:

To determine association of contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy among unmarried women in their 30s and 40s.

Methods:

With a survey design, data were collected from 119 unmarried women in their 30s and 40s in G city of Korea from September 2017 to March 2018. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results:

Contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were 8.97±2.22, 18.54±5.57, and 45.84 ± 6.90, respectively. Contraceptive self-efficacy was negatively correlated with sexual double standard. Factors influencing contraceptive self-efficacy were sexual double standard (β=−.26, p=.003), existence of boyfriend (β=.25, p=.004), and contraceptive education need for adults (β=.17, p=.044). They explained 19% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants.

Conclusion:

To increase contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s, lowering sexual double standard and developing customized contraceptive education according to age and knowledge level are needed. Research on factors related to contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s from various regions are also needed in the future.

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Table 1.
General Characteristics and Contraception Characteristics (N=119)
Characteristics   Category   n(%) M±SD
Age (year)   30–39   107 (89.9) 33.11±4.60
    40–49   12 (10.1)  
Educational level   High school, college 25 (21.0)  
    University   78 (65.5)  
    Graduate school 16 (13.5)  
Job   Nurse   57 (47.9)  
    Office worker 31 (26.1)  
    Others   31 (26.1)  
Economic status   Middle   96 (80.7)  
    Low   23 (19.3)  
Religion   Yes   50 (42.0)  
    No   69 (58.0)  
Smoking   Yes   3 (2.5)  
    No   116 (97.5)  
Alcohol drinking   Yes   74 (62.2)  
    No   45 (37.8)  
Contraceptive education experience   Yes   81 (68.1)  
    No   38 (31.9)  
Period of contraceptive education (n=81) Elementary & middle school 30 (37.0)  
    High school 35 (43.2)  
    After high school 16 (19.8)  
Information sources of contraceptive education School teacher 72 (88.9)  
(n=81)   Others   9 (11.1)  
Contraceptive education need for adul lts Necessary 91 (76.5)  
    Moderate   23 (19.3)  
    Unnecessary 5 (4.2)  
Existence of boyfriend   Yes   59 (49.6)  
    No   6 (50.4)  
Experience of sexual intercourse   Yes   93 (78.2)  
    No   26 (21.8)  
First time of sexual intercourse (year) (n=88) <20   6 (6.8) 24.07±3.40
    20–29   75 (85.2)  
    ≥30   7 (8.0)  
Main contraceptive method (n=93)   Condom   59 (63.4)  
    Coitus interruptus 11 (23.7)  
    Others   12 (12.9)  
Pregnancy experience (n=93)   Yes   5 (5.4)  
    No   88 (94.6)  
Artificial abortion experience (n=93)   Yes   4 (4.3)  
    No   89 (95.7)  

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 2.
Level of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy (N=119)
Variables M±SD Range Minimum 1.00 Maximum 11.00
Contraceptive knowledge 8.97±2.22 0–15 1.00 11.00
Sexual double standard 18.54±5.57 10–50 10.00 33.00
Contraceptive self-efficacy 45.84±6.90 13–65 62.00 29.00

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.
Level of Contraceptive Knowledge, Sexual Double Standard and Contraceptive Self-Efficacy (N=119)
Variables M±SD Range Minimum Maximum
Contraceptive knowledge 8.97±2.22 0–15 1.00 11.00
Sexual double standard 18.54±5.57 10–50 10.00 33.00
Contraceptive self-efficacy 45.84±6.90 13–65 62.00 29.00

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 4.
Differences of Contraceptive Self-Efficacy according to the General Characteristics (N=119
Characteristics Category Contraceptive self-efficacy  
    M±SD F or t p (Scheffé)
Age (year) 30–39 45.82±6.98 −0.08 .933
  40–49 46.00±6.37    
Educational level High school, college 45.68±6.28 0.58 .564
  University 45.54±7.11    
  Graduate school 47.56±6.90    
Job Nurse 45.09±6.82 1.47 .234
  Office worker 45.42±7.10    
  Others 47.65±6.73    
Economic status Middle 45.94±6.78 0.31 .755
  Low 45.43±7.51    
Religion Yes 45.48±6.70 −0.49 .630
  No 46.10±7.08    
Smoking Yes 47.67±8.62 0.46 .644
  No 45.79±6.89    
Alcohol drinking Yes 46.61±6.63 1.57 .120
  No 44.58±7.21    
Contraceptive education experience Yes 46.25±6.52 0.94 .350
  No 44.97±7.65    
Period of contraceptive education (n=81) Elementary & middle schoola 48.57±6.16 3.49 .035 (a>b)
  High schoolb 44.43±5.68    
  After high schoolc 45.88±7.87    
Information sources of contraceptive education (n=81) School teacher 46.43±6.57 0.71 .477
  Others 44.78±6.30    
Contraceptive education need for adults Necessarya 46.40±6.61 4.11 .019 (a>c)
  Moderateb 45.43±7.54    
  Unnecessaryc 37.60±3.78    
Existence of boyfriend Yes 47.73±7.32 3.06 .003
  No 43.98±5.95    
Experience of sexual intercourse Yes 46.13±6.92 0.86 .390
  No 44.81±6.86    
First time of sexual intercourse (year) (n=88) <20 48.00±7.48 0.26 .774
  20–29 45.99±7.12    
  ≥30 45.43±6.08    
Main contraceptive method (n=93) Condom 46.61±6.78 0.51 .605
  Coitus interruptus 44.86±7.42    
  Others 46.08±6.95    
Pregnancy experience (n=93) Yes 45.60±5.18 −0.18 .862
  No 46.16±7.02    
Artificial abortion experience (n=93) Yes 46.25±5.74 0.04 .972
  No 46.12±6.99    

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 5.
Correlations among the Variables (N=119
Variables Contraceptive Sexual double Contraceptive
knowledge standard self-efficacy
  r (p) r (p) r (p)
Contraceptive knowledge 1 - -
Sexual double standard −.16 (.083) 1 -
Contraceptive self-efficacy .13 (.153) −.31 (.001) 1
Table 6.
Influencing Factors on Contraceptive Self-efficacy (N=119)
Variables B SE β t p
Sexual double standard −0.32 0.11 −.26 −3.04 .003
Existence of boyfriend 3.43 1.16 .25 2.96 .004
Need of contraception education for adults 2.74 1.35 .17 2.04 .044
R2=.17; Adj. R2=.19, F=8.84, p<.001          

B=unstandardized coefficients; SE=standard error; β=standardized coefficients; Adj. R

2 =adjusted coefficient of determination R.

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