Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.25(2) > 1127356

Kim and Sung: Impact of Anxiety, Social Support, and Taegyo Practice on Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women Having an Abortion

Abstract

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to identify effects of anxiety, social support, and Taegyo practice toward maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women having an abortion.

Method:

Participants included 99 pregnant women having an abortion, who participated in this study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 23.0 program.

Results:

Maternal-fetal attachment was significantly negatively correlated with anxiety, and significantly positively correlated with social support and Taegyo practice. Spousal support and Taegyo practice, explained 43.8% of participants' maternal-fetal attachment.

Conclusion:

Results indicate that less anxiety and more social support, and Taegyo practice in pregnant women having an abortion, were associated with stronger maternal-fetal attachment. To strengthen the maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women having an abortion experience, it would be necessary to develop and implement the Taegyo program, focusing on practicing Tae-gyo-related encouragement. Additionally, it is recommended that nursing intervention is provided, to encourage families to participate in the Taegyo practice together throughout the gestational period, and to maintain a positive relationship among partners.

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Table 1.
Differences of Maternal-Fetal Attachment according to General and Obstetric Characteristics (N=99)
Characteristics Categories n(%) M±SD t/F p
Age (year) ≤30 29 (29.3) 81.24±13.71 0.17 .840
  31–35 45 (45.5) 81.36±11.12    
  ≥36 25 (25.3) 79.76±8.52    
Marital age (year) ≤25 17 (17.2) 82.35±10.71 1.05 .350
  26–30 46 (46.5) 82.09±11.98    
  ≥31 36 (36.4) 78.75±10.59    
Length of marriage (month) ≤23 28 (28.3) 80.64±12.49 0.32 .725
  24–59 48 (48.5) 80.29±12.32    
  ≥60 23 (23.2) 82.57±6.95    
Level of education ≤High school 19 (19.2) 79.68±14.33 −0.53 .598
  ≥Bachelor 80 (80.8) 81.21±10.53    
Occupation Yes 51 (51.5) 80.51±11.52 −0.37 .712
  No 48 (48.5) 81.35±11.15    
Monthly family income (10,000 won) ≤300 31 (31.3) 77.52±12.66 2.12 .125
  301–500 40 (40.4) 82.73±11.96    
  ≥501 28 (28.3) 82.11±7.64    
Religion Yes 33 (33.3) 84.79±8.37 2.79 .007
  No 66 (66.7) 78.98±12.10    
Living together Spouse 84 (84.8) 80.44±11.46 −1.00 .321
  Spouse+other family 15 (15.2) 83.60±10.25    
Gestational period (week) ≤19 27 (27.3) 78.70±13.96 0.72 .489
  20–29 32 (32.3) 81.53±10.15    
  ≥30 40 (40.4) 81.93±10.18    
Type of abortion Spontaneousa 72 (72.7) 81.90±11.05 3.09 .050 (c>b)
  Inducedb 20 (20.2) 75.75±11.97    
  Bothc 7 (7.1) 85.57±7.59    
Number of abortion 1 70 (70.7) 81.24±11.73 0.44 .660
  ≥2 29 (29.3) 80.14±10.30    
Number of spontaneous abortion 0 20 (20.2) 75.75±11.97 2.83 .064
  1 64 (64.6) 82.50±10.95    
  ≥2 15 (15.2) 81.07±10.43    
Number of induced abortion 0 72 (72.7) 81.90±11.05 1.23 .296
  1 17 (17.2) 79.41±12.67    
  ≥2 10 (10.1) 76.40±10.22    
Planned pregnancy Yes 93 (93.9) 81.23±11.39 1.06 .290
  No 6 (6.1) 76.17±9.02    

M±SD=mean±standard deviation. ∗Scheffé test.

Table 2.
Degree of Anxiety, Social Support, Taegyo Practice, and Maternal-Fetal Attachment (N=99)
Variables M±SD Min Max Range
Anxiety 41.70±10.30 21 78 20–80
Social support        
Total 107.89±20.37 39 132 22–132
Spouse 55.75±9.77 15 66 11–66
Others 52.14±12.03 15 66 11–66
Taegyo practice        
Total 145.35±20.01 84 185 37–185
Encourage 70.68±11.12 43 95 19–95
Taboo 74.68±12.42 29 90 18–90
Maternal-fetal attachment 80.92±11.29 43 96 24–96

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.
Correlations among Anxiety, Social Support, Taegyo Practice, and Maternal-Fetal Attachment (N=99)
Variables   Anxiety   Social support     Taegyo practice   Maternal-fetal
      Total Spouse Others Total Encourage Taboo attachment
    r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Anxiety   1              
Social support Total −.29 (.004) 1            
  Spouse −.25 (.011) .91 (<.001) 1          
  Others −.28 (.004) .94 (<.001) .74 (<.001) 1        
Taegyo practice Total −.24 (.016) .34 (<.001) .34 (<.001) .30 (.002) 1      
  Encourage −.31 (.002) .37 (<.001) .36 (<.001) .34 (<.001) .83 (<.001) 1    
  Taboo −.10 (.286) .22 (.029) .23 (.018) .18 (.075) .86 (<.001) .44 (<.001) 1  
Maternal-fetal attachment −.31 (.001) .38 (<.001) .42 (<.001) .30 (.002) .53 (<.001) .62 (<.001) .31 (.002) 1
Table 4.
Factors Affecting Maternal-Fetal Attachment (N=99)
Variables B SE β t p Adj. R2 F (p)
Constant 42.69 10.43   4.09 <.001 .438 10.56 (<.001)
Religion              
Yes 3.65 1.96 .15 1.86 .066    
Type of abortion              
Spontaneous abortion 2.29 2.23 .09 1.03 .307    
Both 4.84 3.82 .11 1.27 .208    
Anxiety −0.13 0.09 −.12 −1.49 .139    
Social support              
Spouse 0.39 0.14 .34 2.85 .005    
Others −0.20 0.11 −.22 −1.80 .075    
Taegyo practice              
Encourage 0.47 0.10 .47 4.97 <.001    
Taboo 0.05 0.08 .05 0.59 .557    

B=unstandardized coefficients; SE=standard error; β=standardized coefficients; Adj. R

2 =adjusted coefficient of determination R

2 . ∗Dummy variables: religion reference=no; type of abortion reference=induced abortion.

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