1. Oh K, Jang MJ, Lee NY, Moon JS, Lee CG, Yoo MH, et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 1997 and 2005. Korean J Pediatr. 2008; 51(9):950–955.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
2. Bellentani S, Scaglioni F, Marino M, Bedogni G. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis. 2010; 28(1):155–161.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
3. Mouzaki M, Trout AT, Arce-Clachar AC, Bramlage K, Kuhnell P, Dillman JR, et al. Assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in children using magnetic resonance imaging. J Pediatr. 2018; 201:86–92.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
4. Tominaga K, Kurata JH, Chen YK, Fujimoto E, Miyagawa S, Abe I, et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in Japanese children and relationship to obesity. An epidemiological ultrasonographic survey. Dig Dis Sci. 1995; 40(9):2002–2009.
5. Sartorio A, Del Col A, Agosti F, Mazzilli G, Bellentani S, Tiribelli C, et al. Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007; 61(7):877–883.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
6. Diehl AM, Day C. Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377(21):2063–2072.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
7. McPherson S, Hardy T, Henderson E, Burt AD, Day CP, Anstee QM. Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. J Hepatol. 2015; 62(5):1148–1155.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
8. Feldstein AE, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Treeprasertsuk S, Benson JT, Enders FB, Angulo P. The natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children: a follow-up study for up to 20 years. Gut. 2009; 58(11):1538–1544.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
9. Rockey DC, Caldwell SH, Goodman ZD, Nelson RC, Smith AD; American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Liver biopsy. Hepatology. 2009; 49(3):1017–1044.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
10. Goyal R, Mallick SR, Mahanta M, Kedia S, Shalimar , Dhingra R, et al. Fibroscan can avoid liver biopsy in Indian patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013; 28(11):1738–1745.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
11. Kim SU, Jang HW, Cheong JY, Kim JK, Lee MH, Kim DJ, et al. The usefulness of liver stiffness measurement using FibroScan in chronic hepatitis C in South Korea: a multicenter, prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 26(1):171–178.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
12. Sánchez Antolin G, Garcia Pajares F, Vallecillo MA, Fernandez Orcajo P, Gómez de la Cuesta S, Alcaide N, et al. FibroScan evaluation of liver fibrosis in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2009; 41(3):1044–1046.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
13. Gaia S, Carenzi S, Barilli AL, Bugianesi E, Smedile A, Brunello F, et al. Reliability of transient elastography for the detection of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011; 54(1):64–71.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
14. Myers RP, Pollett A, Kirsch R, Pomier-Layrargues G, Beaton M, Levstik M, et al. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP): a noninvasive method for the detection of hepatic steatosis based on transient elastography. Liver Int. 2012; 32(6):902–910.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
15. Cho Y, Tokuhara D, Morikawa H, Kuwae Y, Hayashi E, Hirose M, et al. Transient elastography-based liver profiles in a hospital-based pediatric population in Japan. PLoS One. 2015; 10(9):e0137239.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
16. Vos MB, Abrams SH, Barlow SE, Caprio S, Daniels SR, Kohli R, et al. NASPGHAN Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: recommendations from the Expert Committee on NAFLD (ECON) and the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64(2):319–334.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
17. Ratziu V, Giral P, Charlotte F, Bruckert E, Thibault V, Theodorou I, et al. Liver fibrosis in overweight patients. Gastroenterology. 2000; 118(6):1117–1123.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
18. Schwimmer JB, Behling C, Angeles JE, Paiz M, Durelle J, Africa J, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography measured shear stiffness as a biomarker of fibrosis in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2017; 66(5):1474–1485.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
19. Schwimmer JB, Newton KP, Awai HI, Choi LJ, Garcia MA, Ellis LL, et al. Paediatric gastroenterology evaluation of overweight and obese children referred from primary care for suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 38(10):1267–1277.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
20. Vajro P, Lenta S, Socha P, Dhawan A, McKiernan P, Baumann U, et al. Diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: position paper of the ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012; 54(5):700–713.
21. Kunde SS, Lazenby AJ, Clements RH, Abrams GA. Spectrum of NAFLD and diagnostic implications of the proposed new normal range for serum ALT in obese women. Hepatology. 2005; 42(3):650–656.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
22. Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003; 38(2):518–526.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
23. Ruffillo G, Fassio E, Alvarez E, Landeira G, Longo C, Domínguez N, et al. Comparison of NAFLD fibrosis score and BARD score in predicting fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2011; 54(1):160–163.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
24. Roulot D, Czernichow S, Le Clésiau H, Costes JL, Vergnaud AC, Beaugrand M. Liver stiffness values in apparently healthy subjects: influence of gender and metabolic syndrome. J Hepatol. 2008; 48(4):606–613.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
25. Wong GL, Wong VW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, Chu SH, Li MK, et al. Factors associated with unreliable liver stiffness measurement and its failure with transient elastography in the Chinese population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 26(2):300–305.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
26. Engelmann G, Gebhardt C, Wenning D, Wühl E, Hoffmann GF, Selmi B, et al. Feasibility study and control values of transient elastography in healthy children. Eur J Pediatr. 2012; 171(2):353–360.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
27. Takeda T, Yasuda T, Nakayama Y, Nakaya M, Kimura M, Yamashita M, et al. Usefulness of noninvasive transient elastography for assessment of liver fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(48):7768–7773.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
28. Kwok R, Choi KC, Wong GL, Zhang Y, Chan HL, Luk AO, et al. Screening diabetic patients for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements: a prospective cohort study. Gut. 2016; 65(8):1359–1368.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
29. Fung J, Lee CK, Chan M, Seto WK, Wong DK, Lai CL, et al. Defining normal liver stiffness range in a normal healthy Chinese population without liver disease. PLoS One. 2013; 8(12):e85067.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
30. Tokuhara D, Cho Y, Shintaku H. Transient elastography-based liver stiffness age-dependently increases in children. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11):e0166683.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
31. Pang JX, Pradhan F, Zimmer S, Niu S, Crotty P, Tracey J, et al. The feasibility and reliability of transient elastography using Fibroscan®: a practice audit of 2335 examinations. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 28(3):143–149.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
32. Mueller S, Millonig G, Sarovska L, Friedrich S, Reimann FM, Pritsch M, et al. Increased liver stiffness in alcoholic liver disease: differentiating fibrosis from steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010; 16(8):966–972.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
33. Cournane S, Browne JE, Fagan AJ. The effects of fatty deposits on the accuracy of the Fibroscan® liver transient elastography ultrasound system. Phys Med Biol. 2012; 57(12):3901–3914.
34. Younossi ZM, Loomba R, Anstee QM, Rinella ME, Bugianesi E, Marchesini G, et al. Diagnostic modalities for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and associated fibrosis. Hepatology. 2018; 68(1):349–360.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
35. Pacifico L, Celestre M, Anania C, Paolantonio P, Chiesa C, Laghi A. MRI and ultrasound for hepatic fat quantification: relationships to clinical and metabolic characteristics of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Paediatr. 2007; 96(4):542–547.
36. de Lédinghen V, Le Bail B, Rebouissoux L, Fournier C, Foucher J, Miette V, et al. Liver stiffness measurement in children using FibroScan: feasibility study and comparison with Fibrotest, aspartate transaminase to platelets ratio index, and liver biopsy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007; 45(4):443–450.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
37. Gaia S, Carenzi S, Barilli AL, Bugianesi E, Smedile A, Brunello F, et al. Reliability of transient elastography for the detection of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011; 54(1):64–71.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
38. Yoneda M, Yoneda M, Mawatari H, Fujita K, Endo H, Iida H, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dig Liver Dis. 2008; 40(5):371–378.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)
39. El Bokl MA, Mabrouk SH, El Karmoty KZ, Bakir AS, El Aleem AM. Fibroscan as a noninvasive tool in the assessment of the degree of hepatic steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Egyp Liver J. 2012; 2(3):83–87.
![crossref](/image/icon/bnr_ref_cross.gif)