Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and the willingness of male workers in small and medium scale industry to cease smoking.
Methods
A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's socio-demographics, job stress, and the will to cease smoking. A KOSS (Korean Occupational Stress Scale)- based questionnaire survey was conducted which targeted 4,435 male workers at 69 small and medium scale industries. 2,840 men returned these questionnaires with 1,663 of them being smokers. We analyzed 1,345 of the smoker returns. We estimated the relationship between the will to cease smoking and the employee job stress factors using logistic regression analyses.
Results
After adjusting for education, exercise, and tobacco use per day, the logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly positive association with the will to cease smoking and job stress. The odds ratios regarding insufficient job control were at 1.69 (95% CI, 1.26~2.27), organizational system at 1.37 (95% CI, 1.03~1.82), and lack of reward at 1.37 (95% CI, 1.03~1.82).
References
1. World Health Organization. 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments. WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic. 2009. 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland: WHO Press, World Health Organization;567–568.
2. Yoon SH, Bae JY, Lee SW, An KE, Kim SE. The effects of job stress on depression, drinking and smoking among Korean men. Health Soc Sci. 2006. 19:31–50. (Korean).
3. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP, Rabin BS, Gwaltney JM Jr. Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA. 1997. 277(24):1940–1944.
4. Cunradi CB, Lipton R, Banerjee A. Occupational correlates of smoking among urban transit operators: a prospective study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2007. 2:36.
5. Amy L, Kawachi I, Sorensen G, LaMontagne AD, Subramanian SV. Does workplace social capital buffer the effects of job stress? A cross-sectional, multilevel analysis of cigarette smoking among U.S. manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2010. 52(7):740–750.
6. Li X, Liang H, Li X, Guan P, Yin Z, Zhou B. Patterns of smoking and its association with psychosocial work conditions among blue-collar and service employees of hospitality venues in Shenyang, PR China. BMC Public Health. 2010. 10:37.
7. Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Work stress, smoking status, and smoking intensity: an observational study of 46,190 employees. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005. 59(1):63–69.
8. Landsbergis P, Schnall P, Deitz D, Warren K, Pickering T, Schwartz J. Job strain and health behaviors: results of a prospective study. Am J Health Promot. 1998. 12(4):237–245.
9. Siegrist J, Rödel A. Work stress and health risk behavior. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006. 32(6):473–481.
10. Chen W, Wong T, Yu I. Association of occupational stress and social support with health-related behaviors among chinese offshore oil workers. J Occup Health. 2008. 50(3):262–269.
11. Tsutsumi A, Kayaba K, Yoshimura M, Sawada M, Ishikawa S, Sakai K, Gotoh T, Nago N. Association between job characteristics and health behaviors in Japanese rural workers. Int J Behav Med. 2003. 10:125–142.
12. Jönsson D, Rosengren A, Dotevall A, Lappas G, Wilhelmsen L. Job control, job demands and social support at work in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in MONICA 1995, Göteborg. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1999. 6(6):379–385.
13. Kawakami N, Haratani T, Araki S. Job strain and arterial blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking as risk factors for coronary heart disease in Japan. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998. 71(6):429–432.
14. Lee HW. The effect of campaign message types and invlevement on male college students' intention to quit smoking: An application of the theory of planned behavior. 2005. Ewha Womans Univ;vii:86. (Korean).
15. Chang SJ, Koh SB, Kang DM, Kim SH, Kang MG, Lee CG, Chung JJ, Cho JJ, Son M, Chae CH, Kim JW, Kim JI, Kim HS, Roh SC, Park JB, Woo JM, Kim SY, Kim JY, Ha M, Park JS, Rhee KY, Kim HR, Kong JS, Kim IA, Kim JS, Park JH, Huyun SJ, Son DK. Developing an occupational stress scale for Korean employees. Korean J Occup Environ Med. 2005. 17(4):297–317. (Korean).
16. Taylor AH, Ussher MH, Faulkner G. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect and smoking behaviour. Addiction. 2007. 102:534–543.
17. Williams DM, Dunsiger S, Whiteley JA, Ussher MH, Ciccolo JT, Jennings EG. Acute effects of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on affective withdrawal symptoms and cravings among women smokers. Addictive Behaviors. 2011. 36:894–897.
18. Kim MH. Short-term longitudinal study of smoking cessation process : focused on social-cognitive factors and negative affects. 2004. Catholic Univ;77.
19. Benowitz NL. Nicotine Addiction. N Engl J Med. 2010. 362(24):2295–2303.
20. Ota A, Masue T, Yasuda N, Tsutsumi A, Mino Y, Ohara H, Ono Y. Psychosocial job characteristics and smoking cessation: A prospective cohort study using the Demand-Control-Support and Effort-Reward Imbalance job stress models. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010. 12(3):287–293.
21. Piper ME, McCarthy DE, Bolt DM, Smith SS, Lerman C, Benowitz N, Fiore MC, Baker TB. Assessing dimensions of nicotine dependence: an evaluation of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). Nicotine Tob Res. 2008. 10(6):1009–1020.